In this study, we attempted to address the frozen hydrometeor habit vertical inhomogeneity (FHHVI) effects on microwave radiative transfer simulations. For simplification, we focused on a “two habits and two layers” FHHVI scheme in which two different ice habits can be assumed to be above and below a fixed habit boundary line of 325 hPa as suggested by studies of tropical cyclone vertical structure. The aforementioned FHHVI scheme was implemented into a radiative transfer for the Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) operational vertical sounder (RTTOV), which allows for close examination of the FHHVI effect on the radiative transfer process. Four scenarios (thin plate, dendrite, thin plate over dendrite, and dendrite over thin plate) were considered in the simulations at frequencies ranging from 10 to 183 GHz. We found that FHHVI has an obvious impact on the brightness temperature (BT) simulations. For real case studies, we considered the 2018 tropical cyclone Jebi in the Western Pacific basin. The hydrometeor profiles forecasted by the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) regional numerical weather prediction (NWP) model were used, and the simulated results were compared with observations from the instruments aboard on the Fengyun‐3D satellite, which recorded 61 overpasses during the life span of typhoon Jebi. We found that the overall performance of the BT simulations over multichannels could be improved by considering FHHVI effects. Specifically, the total penalty values that quantify the spectral consistency were 63.05 (dendrite), 43.88 (thin plate), 46.23 (dendrite over thin plate), and 39.03 (thin plate over dendrite), respectively.

中文翻译：

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全空无源微波模拟中冻结水气习惯的垂直非均质效应

在这项研究中，我们试图解决冷冻水流星习惯垂直不均匀性（FHHVI）对微波辐射传输模拟的影响。为简化起见，我们重点研究了“两个习惯和两层” FHHVI方案，在该方案中，可以假设热带气旋垂直结构研究表明，在325 hPa的固定习惯边界线之上和之下有两种不同的冰习惯。前面提到的FHHVI方案已实施到电视红外观测卫星（TIROS）垂直发射测深仪（RTTOV）的辐射转移中，从而可以仔细检查FHHVI对辐射转移过程的影响。在模拟中，在10至183 GHz的频率范围内考虑了四种情况（薄板，枝晶，枝晶上方的薄板和枝晶上方的树枝状）。我们发现FHHVI对亮度温度（BT）模拟有明显的影响。对于真实案例研究，我们考虑了西太平洋盆地2018年的热带气旋杰比。使用了由全球/区域同化和预报系统（GRAPES）区域数值天气预报（NWP）模型预测的水文气象剖面，并将模拟结果与风云3D卫星上的仪器观测结果进行了比较，该仪器记录了61条立交桥在Jebi台风的生命中。我们发现，通过考虑FHHVI效应，可以改善多通道BT仿真的整体性能。具体而言，量化光谱一致性的总惩罚值为63.05（枝晶），43.88（薄板），46.23（枝晶在薄板上）和39.03（薄枝在枝晶上），