Declining carbon content in agricultural soils threatens soil fertility and makes soil prone to erosion, which could be rectified with organic soil amendments. In a 4-yr field trial, we made a single application of three different organic sludges from the pulp and paper industry and studied their effects on cereal yield, soil carbon content, and fungal and bacterial composition. In laboratory rainfall simulations, we also studied the effects of the soil amendments on susceptibility to erosion and nutrient mobilization of a clay textured soil, by measuring the quality of percolation water passing through 40 cm intact soil monoliths during two-day rainfall simulations over four consecutive years post-application. A nutrient-poor fiber sludge reduced wheat yield in the first growing season, but there were no other significant effects on cereal yield or grain quality. An input of ∼8 Mg ha-1 carbon with the soil amendments had only minor effects on soil carbon content after four years, likely because of fast microbe-mediated turnover. The amendments clearly changed the fungal and bacterial community composition. All amendments significantly reduced suspended solids (SS) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in percolation water. The effect declined with time, but the reduction in SS and TP was still >25% four years after application. We attributed the lower tendency for particle detachment in rain simulations to direct interactions of soil minerals with the added particulate organic matter and microbe-derived compounds that stabilize soil aggregates. In soils with low organic matter content, pulp and paper industry by-products can thus be a viable measure for erosion mitigation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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纸浆和造纸厂污泥降低土壤可蚀性

农业土壤中碳含量的下降威胁到土壤肥力，使土壤容易受到侵蚀，这可以通过有机土壤改良剂来纠正。在为期 4 年的田间试验中，我们对纸浆和造纸工业中的三种不同有机污泥进行了一次施用，并研究了它们对谷物产量、土壤碳含量以及真菌和细菌组成的影响。在实验室降雨模拟中，我们还研究了土壤改良剂对粘土质地土壤的侵蚀敏感性和养分动员的影响，方法是在连续四天的两天降雨模拟中测量穿过 40 厘米完整土壤巨石的渗滤水的质量。申请后几年。营养贫乏的纤维污泥降低了第一个生长季节的小麦产量，但对谷物产量或谷物质量没有其他显着影响。大约 8 Mg ha-1 碳的输入和土壤改良剂在四年后对土壤碳含量的影响很小，可能是因为微生物介导的快速周转。修正案明显改变了真菌和细菌群落组成。所有修正都显着降低了渗透水中的悬浮固体 (SS) 和总磷 (TP) 浓度。效果随着时间的推移而下降，但应用四年后 SS 和 TP 的降低仍>25%。我们将降雨模拟中颗粒脱离的较低趋势归因于土壤矿物质与添加的颗粒有机物和微生物衍生化合物的直接相互作用，这些化合物稳定了土壤团聚体。在有机质含量低的土壤中，因此，纸浆和造纸工业副产品可以成为缓解侵蚀的可行措施。本文受版权保护。版权所有。