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Phenotypic integration in feliform carnivores: covariation patterns and disparity in hypercarnivores versus generalists
Evolution ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-06 , DOI: 10.1111/evo.14112
Margot Michaud 1 , Géraldine Veron 1 , Anne‐Claire Fabre 2
Affiliation  

The skeleton is a complex arrangement of anatomical structures that covary to various degrees depending on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among the Feliformia, many species are characterized by predator lifestyles providing a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of highly specialized hypercarnivorous diet on phenotypic integration and shape diversity. To do so, we compared the shape of the skull, mandible, humerus, and femur of species in relation to their feeding strategies (hypercarnivorous vs. generalist species) and prey preference (predators of small vs. large prey) using three‐dimensional geometric morphometric techniques. Our results highlight different degrees of morphological integration in the Feliformia depending on the functional implication of the anatomical structure, with an overall higher covariation of structures in hypercarnivorous species. The skull and the forelimb are not integrated in generalist species, whereas they are integrated in hypercarnivores. These results can potentially be explained by the different feeding strategies of these species. Contrary to our expectations, hypercarnivores display a higher disparity for the skull than generalist species. This is probably due to the fact that a specialization toward high‐meat diet could be achieved through various phenotypes. Finally, humeri and femora display shape variations depending on relative prey size preference. Large species feeding on large prey tend to have robust long bones due to higher biomechanical constraints.

中文翻译:

猫科食肉动物的表型整合:超食肉动物与通才的协变模式和差异

骨骼是解剖结构的复杂排列,根据内在和外在因素的不同,它们在不同程度上会发生变化。在猫科动物中,许多物种以捕食者的生活方式为特征,这提供了一个独特的机会来研究高度专业化的超级肉食性饮食对表型整合和形状多样性的影响。为此,我们使用三维几何比较了物种的头骨、下颌骨、肱骨和股骨的形状与它们的摄食策略(超级食肉动物 vs. 通才物种)和猎物偏好(小猎物 vs. 大型猎物的捕食者)的关系形态测量技术。我们的结果突出了猫形纲中不同程度的形态学整合,这取决于解剖结构的功能含义,在超食肉物种中具有整体更高的结构协变。头骨和前肢不整合在通才物种中,而它们整合在超级食肉动物中。这些结果可能可以用这些物种的不同饲养策略来解释。与我们的预期相反,超级食肉动物的头骨差异比通才物种更大。这可能是因为可以通过各种表型实现对高肉饮食的专业化。最后,肱骨和股骨根据相对猎物大小偏好显示形状变化。由于较高的生物力学限制,以大型猎物为食的大型物种往往具有强壮的长骨。而它们被整合到超级食肉动物中。这些结果可能可以用这些物种的不同饲养策略来解释。与我们的预期相反,超级食肉动物的头骨差异比通才物种更大。这可能是因为可以通过各种表型实现对高肉饮食的专业化。最后,肱骨和股骨根据相对猎物大小偏好显示形状变化。由于较高的生物力学限制,以大型猎物为食的大型物种往往具有强壮的长骨。而它们被整合到超级食肉动物中。这些结果可能可以用这些物种的不同饲养策略来解释。与我们的预期相反,超级食肉动物的头骨差异比通才物种更大。这可能是因为可以通过各种表型实现对高肉饮食的专业化。最后,肱骨和股骨根据相对猎物大小偏好显示形状变化。由于较高的生物力学限制,以大型猎物为食的大型物种往往具有强壮的长骨。这可能是因为可以通过各种表型实现对高肉饮食的专业化。最后,肱骨和股骨根据相对猎物大小偏好显示形状变化。由于较高的生物力学限制,以大型猎物为食的大型物种往往具有强壮的长骨。这可能是因为可以通过各种表型实现对高肉饮食的专业化。最后,肱骨和股骨根据相对猎物大小偏好显示形状变化。由于较高的生物力学限制,以大型猎物为食的大型物种往往具有强壮的长骨。
更新日期:2020-11-06
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