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The Importance of Quantifying the Composition of the Amorphous Intermixed Phase in Organic Solar Cells
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005241 Sara Marina 1 , Noëmi Petrina Kaufmann 2 , Akchheta Karki 3 , Elizabeth Gutiérrez‐Meza 4 , Edgar Gutiérrez‐Fernández 1 , Joachim Vollbrecht 3 , Eduardo Solano 5 , Barnaby Walker 6 , James H. Bannock 6 , John de Mello 6 , Carlos Silva 4 , Thuc‐Quyen Nguyen 3 , Daniele Cangialosi 7, 8 , Natalie Stingelin 9, 10 , Jaime Martín 1, 11, 12
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005241 Sara Marina 1 , Noëmi Petrina Kaufmann 2 , Akchheta Karki 3 , Elizabeth Gutiérrez‐Meza 4 , Edgar Gutiérrez‐Fernández 1 , Joachim Vollbrecht 3 , Eduardo Solano 5 , Barnaby Walker 6 , James H. Bannock 6 , John de Mello 6 , Carlos Silva 4 , Thuc‐Quyen Nguyen 3 , Daniele Cangialosi 7, 8 , Natalie Stingelin 9, 10 , Jaime Martín 1, 11, 12
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The relation of phase morphology and solid‐state microstructure with organic photovoltaic (OPV) device performance has intensely been investigated over the last twenty years. While it has been established that a combination of donor:acceptor intermixing and presence of relatively phase‐pure donor and acceptor domains is needed to get an optimum compromise between charge generation and charge transport/charge extraction, a quantitative picture of how much intermixing is needed is still lacking. This is mainly due to the difficulty in quantitatively analyzing the intermixed phase, which generally is amorphous. Here, fast scanning calorimetry, which allows measurement of device‐relevant thin films (<200 nm thickness), is exploited to deduce the precise composition of the intermixed phase in bulk‐heterojunction structures. The power of fast scanning calorimetry is illustrated by considering two polymer:fullerene model systems. Somewhat surprisingly, it is found that a relatively small fraction (<15 wt%) of an acceptor in the intermixed amorphous phase leads to efficient charge generation. In contrast, charge transport can only be sustained in blends with a significant amount of the acceptor in the intermixed phase (in this case: ≈58 wt%). This example shows that fast scanning calorimetry is an important tool for establishing a complete compositional characterization of organic bulk heterojunctions. Hence, it will be critical in advancing quantitative morphology–function models that allow for the rational design of these devices, and in delivering insights in, for example, solar cell degradation mechanisms via phase separation, especially for more complex high‐performing systems such as nonfullerene acceptor:polymer bulk heterojunctions.
中文翻译：
量化有机太阳能电池中非晶混合相组成的重要性
在过去的二十年中，对相形态和固态微结构与有机光伏（OPV）器件性能之间的关系进行了深入研究。虽然已经确定需要将供体：受体混合以及相对纯的供体和受体域结合在一起，以在电荷产生和电荷传输/电荷提取之间获得最佳折衷，但需要定量了解多少混合仍然缺乏。这主要是由于难以定量分析通常为非晶态的混合相。在这里，利用快速扫描量热法可以测量与器件相关的薄膜（厚度小于200 nm），从而推断出本体-异质结结构中混合相的精确组成。通过考虑两种聚合物：富勒烯模型系统，可以说明快速扫描量热法的功能。令人惊奇地发现，在混合的非晶相中相对较小比例的受体（＜15wt％）导致有效的电荷产生。相比之下，电荷转移只能在混合相中与大量受体混合的情况下得以维持（在这种情况下：约58 wt％）。该实例表明，快速扫描量热法是建立有机本体异质结完整组成表征的重要工具。因此，对于推进可合理设计这些设备的定量形态学功能模型以及在通过相分离等方法提供有关太阳能电池降解机理的见解方面，这至关重要。
更新日期：2020-11-25
中文翻译：
量化有机太阳能电池中非晶混合相组成的重要性
在过去的二十年中，对相形态和固态微结构与有机光伏（OPV）器件性能之间的关系进行了深入研究。虽然已经确定需要将供体：受体混合以及相对纯的供体和受体域结合在一起，以在电荷产生和电荷传输/电荷提取之间获得最佳折衷，但需要定量了解多少混合仍然缺乏。这主要是由于难以定量分析通常为非晶态的混合相。在这里，利用快速扫描量热法可以测量与器件相关的薄膜（厚度小于200 nm），从而推断出本体-异质结结构中混合相的精确组成。通过考虑两种聚合物：富勒烯模型系统，可以说明快速扫描量热法的功能。令人惊奇地发现，在混合的非晶相中相对较小比例的受体（＜15wt％）导致有效的电荷产生。相比之下，电荷转移只能在混合相中与大量受体混合的情况下得以维持（在这种情况下：约58 wt％）。该实例表明，快速扫描量热法是建立有机本体异质结完整组成表征的重要工具。因此，对于推进可合理设计这些设备的定量形态学功能模型以及在通过相分离等方法提供有关太阳能电池降解机理的见解方面，这至关重要。
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