The two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure of black phosphorus (BP)–MXene shows great stability in liquid and gaseous environments. Sensitivity enhancement of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor utilizing BP and Ti₃C₂T_x MXene layer is proposed in this work. A CaF₂ glass prism is considered as the coupling substrate and 2D Ti₃C₂T_x MXene as analyte interacting layer. The sensor’s performance is demonstrated in terms of sensitivity and figure-of-merit (FOM) values at an operating wavelength of 633 nm. An extremely high angular sensitivity of 322.46°/RIU is obtained, with a significant FOM value of 55.596/RIU (analyte refractive index $\sim$ 1.33) for three-layer BP–Ti₃C₂T_x MXene monolayer based SPR sensor. Further, the sensing of gaseous analyte using the proposed sensor structure is also explored. This work will open new avenues for application of BP–MXene heterostructure in various optoelectronic devices.

黑磷（BP）–MXene的二维（2D）异质结构在液体和气体环境中显示出极大的稳定性。在这项工作中，提出了利用BP和Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene层增强表面等离子体共振（SPR）传感器的灵敏度。CaF ₂玻璃棱镜被认为是耦合衬底，二维Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene被认为是分析物相互作用层。通过在633 nm的工作波长下的灵敏度和品质因数（FOM）值证明了传感器的性能。获得了322.46°/ RIU的极高角度灵敏度，显着的FOM值为55.596 / RIU（分析物折射率$〜$1.33）适用于基于三层BP-Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene单层的SPR传感器。此外，还探索了使用所提出的传感器结构来检测气态分析物。这项工作将为BP-MXene异质结构在各种光电设备中的应用开辟新的途径。