In this paper, the strong gravitational lensing is explored for traversable wormholes in [Formula: see text] theory of gravity with minimally-coupled massless scalar field. First, the effective wormhole solutions are obtained using the model [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is constant, [Formula: see text] is scalar curvature and [Formula: see text] is the trace of stress-energy tensor. Furthermore, three different shape functions namely, [Formula: see text] (Ref. 36), [Formula: see text] (Refs. 35 and 37) and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] (Refs. 34, 35, 39, 73) are considered and studied their qualitative behavior for the construction of wormhole geometry respectively. Subsequently, gravitational lensing effect is implemented to detect the existence of photon spheres at or outside the throat of wormholes.

中文翻译：

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具有最小耦合无质量标量场的 f(R,T) 重力中的虫洞建模

在本文中，在[公式：见正文]具有最小耦合无质量标量场的引力理论中，对可穿越虫洞的强引力透镜进行了探索。首先，使用模型[公式：见文]得到有效的虫洞解，其中[公式：见文]为常数，[公式：见文]为标量曲率，[公式：见文]为应力迹-能量张量。此外，三种不同的形状函数，即[公式：见正文]（参考文献 36）、[公式：见正文]（参考文献 35 和 37）和 [公式：见正文]、[公式：见正文]（参考文献34, 35, 39, 73) 分别考虑并研究了它们在构建虫洞几何时的定性行为。随后，利用引力透镜效应检测虫洞喉部或外部是否存在光子球。