Blockchain technology is an enabler of value transactions on decentralized, secure databases (ledgers). Despite still being in its early stages, we expect blockchain's impact on business and society to be disruptive. We provide a theory-based examination of blockchain technology's transformational impact from a business model and ecosystem perspective to accelerate the debate on its potential effects. By conceptualizing blockchain's key features through the lens of value, actor-network and contract (property rights) theories, we develop a theoretical framework for analyzing the implication of blockchain technology on value creation. We posit that blockchain serves as a resource, a capability, and an agent to its users. Blockchain technology thereby enables a range of efficiency gains, novelties, and lock-in reductions that have sustaining, enabling, and threatening implications for the emergence and attractiveness of business models and business ecosystems. These findings contribute to the discussion on how digital technologies, blockchain in particular, transform business models, and business ecosystems. Additionally, we contribute to the discussion of digital technology's agency by conceptualizing the blockchain as a symbiosis of human/organizational and technological actors that join forces and thereby achieve a new form of agency that is distinct from traditional perspectives on human or machine agency.

中文翻译：

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区块链技术对商业模式和生态系统的转型影响：人类和技术代理的共生

区块链技术是去中心化、安全数据库（分类账）上价值交易的推动者。尽管仍处于早期阶段，但我们预计区块链对商业和社会的影响将是破坏性的。我们从商业模式和生态系统的角度对区块链技术的转型影响进行了基于理论的研究，以加速对其潜在影响的辩论。通过价值、参与者网络和合同（产权）理论来概念化区块链的关键特征，我们开发了一个理论框架来分析区块链技术对价值创造的影响。我们假设区块链是其用户的资源、能力和代理。因此，区块链技术可以实现一系列效率提升、新颖性、和锁定减少对商业模式和商业生态系统的出现和吸引力具有持续性、促成性和威胁性的影响。这些发现有助于讨论数字技术，尤其是区块链，如何改变商业模式和商业生态系统。此外，我们通过将区块链概念化为人类/组织和技术参与者的共生体，通过联合作用，从而实现一种不同于人类或机器代理的传统观点的新代理形式，从而为数字技术代理的讨论做出贡献。转变商业模式和商业生态系统。此外，我们通过将区块链概念化为人类/组织和技术参与者的共生体，通过联合作用，从而实现一种不同于人类或机器代理的传统观点的新代理形式，从而为数字技术代理的讨论做出贡献。转变商业模式和商业生态系统。此外，我们通过将区块链概念化为人类/组织和技术参与者的共生体，通过联合作用，从而实现一种不同于人类或机器代理的传统观点的新代理形式，从而为数字技术代理的讨论做出贡献。