Abstract: The last few months of 2019 witnessed the emergence, rise and rapid spread of a novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing an acute respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 2019 or Covid-19. Severe pathological manifestations of the disease in the infected population with comorbidities are linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), associated with an exaggerated synthesis and expression of cytokines, leading to a systemic inflammatory response also known as a cytokine storm (CS). Elderly patients (> 60 years of age) showed more deaths in Covid-19 infection. Age-related immune imbalance increases patient susceptibility to CS. In acute Covid-19 infection, it is difficult to minimize or control the overproduction of cytokines; hence, limited medical treatments are effective. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of involvement of cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 infection, susceptibility factors for the accompanying cytokine storm in severe Covid-19 cases and possible treatment strategies.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, coronavirus, cytokine storm, inflammation, elderly


中文翻译：

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老年人 SARS-CoV-2 感染中的细胞因子反应


摘要： 2019 年最后几个月见证了一种名为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的新型冠状病毒的出现、兴起和迅速传播，引起一种称为 2019 年冠状病毒病或 Covid-19 的急性呼吸道疾病。患有合并症的感染人群中该疾病的严重病理表现与急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）有关，与细胞因子的过度合成和表达有关，导致全身炎症反应，也称为细胞因子风暴（CS）。老年患者（> 60 岁）在 Covid-19 感染中死亡人数较多。年龄相关的免疫失衡会增加患者对 CS 的易感性。在急性Covid-19感染中，很难最小化或控制细胞因子的过量产生；因此，有限的药物治疗是有效的。本综述旨在概述目前关于细胞因子参与 SARS-CoV-2 感染的知识、重症 Covid-19 病例中伴随的细胞因子风暴的易感因素以及可能的治疗策略。


关键词： SARS-CoV-2、Covid-19、冠状病毒、细胞因子风暴、炎症、老年人