In 1995, Pleijel raised an issue on the coding of complex (multistate) characters: to find a unique coding approach satisfying both informational and semantical criteria. Following Pleijel′s work, this study aims to propose a new answer to this problematic. We proposed here to use hierarchical characters instead of classical partitional ones as hierarchy allows to deal effectively with the different uncertainties met by phylogeneticists since the beginning of phylogenetic data matrices: missing data, inapplicable data and polymorphism. We translated all previous proposed approaches into hierarchical ones and add three new approaches, only coded using hierarchy. Using phylogenetic and show with different metric how one of these new approaches displaces the other ones. The results from this study then supports the idea than phylogenetic characters should be coded using only hierarchies, as they offer a better management of uncertainties and propose new approaches more informative.

中文翻译：

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从分层的角度重新思考普莱耶尔（1995）的人物

1995年，Pleijel提出了有关复杂（多状态）字符编码的问题：寻找一种既能满足信息标准又能满足语义标准的独特编码方法。继普莱耶尔（Pleijel）的工作之后，本研究旨在为这一问题提出新的答案。我们在这里建议使用层次结构字符而不是经典的分区字符，因为层次结构可以有效地处理自系统发育数据矩阵开始以来系统发育学家遇到的各种不确定性：丢失数据，不适用数据和多态性。我们将以前提出的所有方法都转换为分层方法，并添加了三种新方法，仅使用分层结构进行了编码。使用系统发生学，并以不同的度量显示这些新方法之一如何替代其他方法。