The gut metabolome offers insight for identifying the source of diet related pathology. As such, the purpose of this study was to characterize alterations of the gut metabolome in female and male C57BL/6J mice randomly assigned to a standard “chow” diet (CHOW) or a high fat/high sugar diet (HFHS; 45% fat and 20% fructose drinking solution) for nine weeks. Cecal metabolites were extracted and an untargeted analysis via LC-MS/MS was performed. Partial Least Sums Discriminate Analysis (PLS-DA) presented significant differences between the two diet groups in a sex-dependent manner. Mann–Whitney U-tests revealed 2443 and 1669 features to be significantly different between diet groups in the females and males, respectively. The majority of altered metabolites were depleted within the cecum of the HFHS fed mice. Metabolic pathways associated with galactose metabolism, leukotriene metabolism, and androgen and estrogen biosynthesis and metabolism were differentially altered with an HFHS diet between sexes. We concluded the immense metabolite depletion and elevation of adverse metabolites associated with the HFHS diet is suggestive of poor gut health. Further, the differential alterations between female and male mice suggests that sex plays an important role in determining the effect of diet on the metabolome and host health.

中文翻译：

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高脂肪/高糖饮食会改变性别依赖性的胃肠道代谢组

肠道代谢组为识别与饮食相关的病理学来源提供了见识。因此，本研究的目的是表征随机分配给标准“低脂”饮食（CHOW）或高脂肪/高糖饮食（HFHS； 45％脂肪）的雌性和雄性C57BL / 6J小鼠的肠道代谢组的改变和20％果糖饮用溶液）放置9周。提取盲肠代谢物，并通过LC-MS / MS进行非目标分析。部分最小二乘歧视分析（PLS-DA）以性别相关的方式显示了两个饮食组之间的显着差异。曼恩·惠特尼（Mann-Whitney）的U检验表明，女性和男性饮食组之间的2443和1669特征存在显着差异。HFHS喂养的小鼠的盲肠内大部分改变的代谢物被消耗掉。HFHS饮食在男女之间差异地改变了与半乳糖代谢，白三烯代谢，雄激素和雌激素的生物合成与代谢相关的代谢途径。我们得出的结论是，与HFHS饮食相关的大量代谢物耗竭和不良代谢物升高提示肠道健康不良。此外，雌性和雄性小鼠之间的差异性变化表明，性别在决定饮食对代谢组和宿主健康的影响方面起着重要作用。