Background: A national database of work-related injuries has been established in Italy since 2002, collecting information on the injured person, his/her work tasks, the workplace and the risk factors contributing to incident dynamics, according to a model called Infor.Mo. Methods: A descriptive study of occupational fatal injuries, excluding work-related fatal traffic injuries, that occurred in Italy from 2002 to 2016 (15 years) was performed. Results: Among 4874 victims involved, all were males, mainly >51 years of age (43.2%), predominantly self-employed (27.8%) or workers with non-standard contracts (25%). About 18.4% and 17.3% of fatal events occurred in micro-enterprises belonging to, respectively, construction and agriculture. A wide range of nationalities (59 countries in addition to Italy) was identified. Overall, 18.9% of work-related fatal injuries were due to some form of hazardous energy—mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical—that was normally present in the workplace. Workers’ falls from height (33.5%), heavy loads falling on workers from height (16.7%) and vehicles exiting their route and overturning (15.9%) were the events causing the greatest proportion of occupational fatal injuries in the present study (from 2002 to 2016) and in the initial pilot phase, focused on years 2002–2004, with a similar distribution of fatal events between the two time periods. The activity of the injured person made up 43.3% of 9386 risk factors identified in 4874 fatalities. Less common risk factors were related to work equipment (20.2%), work environment (14.9%), third–party activity (9.8%), personal protective equipment/clothing (8.0%) and materials (3.7%). The activity of the injured person remained the most relevant contributing factor even when the incident was caused by two or more risk factors. Discussion: Occupational fatal injuries occurred mainly in small size firms (up to nine employees) in hazardous workplaces. Small companies, which account for 68% (2888/4249) of all firms in the present study, generally have fewer resources to remain current with the continuously evolving health and safety at work regulations; moreover, these firms tend to be less compliant with health and safety at work regulations since they are less likely to be inspected by occupational vigilance services. Perspectives: An approach being introduced in Italy relies on the use of economic incentives to promote safe and healthy workplaces. The comparison of pre-intervention and post-intervention rates of work-related injuries by means of interrupted time series analyses could detect whether the intervention will have an effect significantly greater than the underlying secular trend.

中文翻译：

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意大利国家职业伤害监视系统：概念框架和致命结果，2002-2016年

背景：自2002年以来，意大利已经建立了国家工伤相关数据库，该数据库根据Infor.Mo模型收集有关伤者，其工作任务，工作场所以及导致事故动态的风险因素的信息。 。方法：对2002年至2016年（15年）在意大利发生的职业致命伤害（不包括与工作有关的致命交通伤害）进行描述性研究。结果：在涉及的4874名受害者中，所有人均为男性，主要是> 51岁（43.2％），主要是自雇人士（27.8％）或具有非标准合同的工人（25％）。致命事件中分别有18.4％和17.3％的致命事件发生在属于建筑和农业的微型企业中。确定了广泛的国籍（意大利以外的59个国家）。总体而言，与工作相关的致命伤害中，有18.9％是由于通常在工作场所中存在的某种形式的危险能量-机械，热，电或化学导致的。在本研究中（从2002年开始），造成工人死亡的比例最大的事件是工人从高处跌落（33.5％），重物从高处坠落（16.7％）以及驶离路线和倾覆的车辆（15.9％）。至2016年），并在初始试点阶段，重点关注2002-2004年，两个时间段之间的致命事件分布相似。受伤人员的活动占4874例死亡中确定的9386个危险因素的43.3％。不太常见的风险因素与工作设备（20.2％），工作环境（14.9％），第三方活动（9.8％），个人防护设备/衣服（8.0％）和材料（3.7％）有关。即使事故是由两个或多个危险因素引起的，受伤人员的活动仍是最重要的因素。个人防护装备/衣服（8.0％）和材料（3.7％）。即使事故是由两个或多个危险因素引起的，受伤人员的活动仍是最重要的因素。个人防护装备/衣服（8.0％）和材料（3.7％）。即使事故是由两个或多个危险因素引起的，受伤人员的活动仍是最重要的因素。讨论：职业致命伤害主要发生在危险场所的小型公司（最多9名员工）。在本研究中占所有公司的68％（2888/4249）的小公司，通常没有多少资源可以跟上工作中健康和安全法规的不断发展。此外，由于这些公司不太可能接受职业警惕服务的检查，因此它们往往不太符合工作场所的健康和安全法规。观点：意大利正在采用的一种方法依靠使用经济激励措施来促进安全和健康的工作场所。通过中断时间序列分析对与工作有关的伤害进行干预前和干预后的比率进行比较，可以发现干预措施的效果是否明显大于潜在的长期趋势。