(1) Background: The progression of periodontitis, induced by polymicrobial dysbiosis, can be modified by systemic or environmental factors such as stress or anxiety affecting host response. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential associations between psychosocial factors scores or salivary cortisol levels with clinical periodontal parameters and bacterial environment in patients with periodontitis; (2) Methods: Subgingival microbiota was collected in two pathological and one healthy sites from thirty diseased patients (before/after scaling and root planing (SRP)) and from one healthy site from thirty control patients. Usual clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and a saliva sample was harvested. Patients completed stress and anxiety self-assessment questionnaires. Cortisol concentrations were determined by ELISA and bacteria were identified by PCR; (3) Results: No correlation between salivary cortisol and the stress-anxiety self-declared was found (p > 0.05), but high concentrations of this molecule were associated positively and linearly with periodontal pocket depth (p = 0.04). It appeared that certain psychosocial stressors are associated with a modulation of the bacterial colonization of pockets of diseased group (before/after SRP), notably concerning Tannerella forsythia (p = 0.02), Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.03), Fusobacterium nucleatum (p = 0.049) and Campylobacter rectus (p = 0.01). (4) Conclusion: This study reveals associations between bacteria colonization and psychosocial parameters in periodontitis that needs to be further investigated.

中文翻译：

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心理社会因素和皮质醇与牙周和细菌参数的关系：30例非手术前后牙周炎患者的前瞻性临床研究

（1）背景：由多种微生物的营养不良引起的牙周炎的进展，可通过全身或环境因素（如压力或焦虑症影响宿主反应）来改变。本研究的目的是评估牙周炎患者的社会心理因素评分或唾液皮质醇水平与临床牙周参数和细菌环境之间的潜在关联；（2）方法：在三十个患病患者的两个病理学和一个健康部位（刮除和根治术之前/之后（SRP）之前和之后）和三十个对照患者的一个健康部位收集龈下微生物群。记录通常的临床牙周参数，并收集唾液样品。患者完成了压力和焦虑自我评估问卷。ELISA测定皮质醇浓度，PCR鉴定细菌。（3）结果：唾液皮质醇与自我声明的压力焦虑之间没有相关性（p > 0.05），但是高浓度的该分子与牙周袋深度呈正相关且呈线性关系（p = 0.04）。看来，某些心理压力与患病组的口袋的细菌定植的调制相关联的（前/ SRP之后），特别是关于福赛斯坦纳连翘（p = 0.02），卟啉单胞牙龈（p = 0.03），梭杆菌具核（p = 0.049）和直弯曲弯曲杆菌（p = 0.01）。（4）结论：这项研究揭示了牙周炎中细菌定植与心理社会参数之间的关联，需要进一步研究。