Wide experimental evidence has been provided in the last decade concerning the neuroprotective effects of phytochemicals in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. Generally, the neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds belonging to different phytochemical classes are attributed to antioxidant, anti-aggregation, and anti-inflammatory activity along with the restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis and targeting alterations of cell-clearing systems. Far from being independent, these multi-target effects represent interconnected events that are commonly implicated in the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases, independently of etiology, nosography, and the specific misfolded proteins being involved. Nonetheless, the increasing amount of data applying to a variety of neurodegenerative disorders joined with the multiple effects exerted by the wide variety of plant-derived neuroprotective agents may rather confound the reader. The present review is an attempt to provide a general guideline about the most relevant mechanisms through which naturally occurring agents may counteract neurodegeneration. With such an aim, we focus on some popular phytochemical classes and bioactive compounds as representative examples to design a sort of main highway aimed at deciphering the most relevant protective mechanisms which make phytochemicals potentially useful in counteracting neurodegeneration. In this frame, we emphasize the potential role of the cell-clearing machinery as a kernel in the antioxidant, anti-aggregation, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial protecting effects of phytochemicals.

中文翻译：

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融合植物化学物质在神经退行性疾病中的多目标效应：从氧化应激到蛋白质聚集和炎症

在过去的十年中，已经提供了广泛的实验证据，涉及植物化学物质在各种神经退行性疾病中的神经保护作用。通常，属于不同植物化学类别的生物活性化合物的神经保护作用归因于抗氧化剂，抗聚集和抗炎活性以及线粒体体内稳态的恢复和细胞清除系统的靶向改变。这些多靶点作用远非独立，而是代表相互联系的事件，这些事件通常与大多数神经退行性疾病的发病机制有关，与病因，鼻部造影术和所涉及的特定错误折叠蛋白无关。尽管如此，越来越多的数据应用于多种神经退行性疾病，再加上由多种植物衍生的神经保护剂产生的多种效应，可能会使读者感到困惑。本综述试图提供有关最相关机制的一般指南，通过这些机制，天然药物可以抵消神经退行性变。以此为目标，我们以一些流行的植物化学类别和生物活性化合物为代表，以设计一种主要的高速公路，旨在破译最相关的保护机制，使植物化学物质可能在对抗神经退行性变中有用。在此框架中，我们强调细胞清除机制作为抗氧化剂，抗聚集剂，抗炎剂，