ABSTRACT

Research background: Countries are likely the most important subjects involved in the environmental control and response to global environmental issues, while the majority of the related metabolic analyses are focused on the metabolism at the city scale.

Objective: Analyzing why and how to scale up the metabolic study from city to country.

Methods: Combining quantitative analysis with a literature review socio-metabolic research, since it is an effective method to study resource and environmental issues and has been applied at different scales.

Results: 1) A single city or a smaller area is hardly self-sufficient, and its sustainability and resilience needs the support of the surrounding environment; 2) At the country scale, systems exhibit a higher level of self-organization and a corresponding higher level of complexity, addressing the need for applying the metabolic theory at the national scale; 3) The emergy analysis methods show its advantages in study metabolic processes for national metabolism; 4) Input-output analysis plays an important role in and region coordination.

Conclusions: The interactions among and within the scales are nested, as well as the goals and methods. Therefore, socio-metabolic research on scales differ in their priority goals, and the methods adopted must be targeted.

摘要

研究背景：各国可能是环境控制和对全球环境问题的应对中最重要的课题，而大多数相关的代谢分析都集中在城市规模的代谢上。

目的：分析为什么以及如何扩大从城市到国家的代谢研究。

方法：将定量分析与文献综述的社会代谢研究相结合，因为它是研究资源和环境问题的有效方法，并且已在不同规模上得到应用。

结果：1）一个城市或一个较小的区域很难自给自足，其可持续性和复原力需要周围环境的支持；2）在国家范围内，系统表现出更高的自组织水平和相应的更高的复杂性水平，满足了在国家范围内应用代谢理论的需求；3）能值分析方法在研究国民代谢过程中显示出优势。4）投入产出分析在区域协调中发挥着重要作用。

结论：量表之间和量表之间的相互作用以及目标和方法是嵌套的。因此，在规模上进行社会代谢研究的优先目标不同，所采用的方法必须有针对性。