Abstract

Due to the increasing demand for safer and faster rail transport, train wheelsets operating under high axle loads require more careful and reliable inspections and maintenance. During service, the train wheelsets are constantly operating under harsh conditions such as fatigue, thermal variation and impact. The wheel defects can induce damage to railway tracks or even derailments, increasing costs for both railway administrations and rolling stock operators. Therefore, early detection of wheel defects may prevent significant damages that could lead to service interruptions or derailments. The purpose of this research is to present an approach to detect the presence of wheel flats using an envelope spectrum analysis, as well as to test, discuss and analyse the sensitivity of the proposed approach to the unevenness of the track, the random position of the wheel flat impact occurrence and the severity of the flat. Subsequently, the sensitivity of the proposed method is tested to accurately detect a wheel flat when the signal is perturbed by different noise intensities. A wide range of 3D simulations based on a train–track interaction model has been performed for different train speeds and different types of flat geometries. From the obtained results, it is evident that envelope spectrum analysis is a capable tool and a cost-effective method that can be used to detect wheel flats along with the flat impact frequency for different train speeds in real-world conditions.

摘要

由于对更安全、更快捷的铁路运输的需求不断增加，在高轴载下运行的火车轮对需要更仔细、更可靠的检查和维护。在服务期间，火车轮对在疲劳、热变化和冲击等恶劣条件下持续运行。车轮缺陷会导致铁路轨道损坏甚至脱轨，增加铁路管理部门和机车车辆运营商的成本。因此，及早发现车轮缺陷可以防止可能导致服务中断或脱轨的重大损坏。本研究的目的是提出一种使用包络谱分析检测车轮扁平现象的方法，以及测试、讨论和分析所提出的方法对轨道不平整度的敏感性，车轮扁平撞击发生的随机位置和扁平的严重程度。随后，当信号受到不同噪声强度的干扰时，测试所提出方法的灵敏度以准确检测车轮扁平。已经针对不同的列车速度和不同类型的平面几何形状执行了基于列车-轨道交互模型的各种 3D 模拟。从获得的结果中可以看出，包络谱分析是一种功能强大的工具，也是一种经济高效的方法，可用于检测实际条件下不同列车速度下的车轮扁平以及扁平冲击频率。当信号受到不同噪声强度的干扰时，测试所提出方法的灵敏度以准确检测车轮扁平。已经针对不同的列车速度和不同类型的平面几何形状执行了基于列车-轨道交互模型的各种 3D 模拟。从获得的结果中可以看出，包络谱分析是一种功能强大的工具和经济高效的方法，可用于检测实际条件下不同列车速度下的车轮扁平以及扁平冲击频率。当信号受到不同噪声强度的干扰时，测试所提出方法的灵敏度以准确检测车轮扁平。已经针对不同的列车速度和不同类型的平面几何形状执行了基于列车-轨道交互模型的各种 3D 模拟。从获得的结果中可以看出，包络谱分析是一种功能强大的工具和经济高效的方法，可用于检测实际条件下不同列车速度下的车轮扁平以及扁平冲击频率。