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Male orientation on vocalization perches could optimize acoustic signal transmission in anurans
Ethology ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 , DOI: 10.1111/eth.13097 Luis Sandoval 1 , Gilbert Barrantes 2 , Francesca Protti‐Sánchez 3 , Adrián García‐Rodríguez 4
Ethology ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 , DOI: 10.1111/eth.13097 Luis Sandoval 1 , Gilbert Barrantes 2 , Francesca Protti‐Sánchez 3 , Adrián García‐Rodríguez 4
Affiliation
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Acoustic signals are distorted by vegetation, wind currents, or other sounds when transmitted through the environment. Consequently, vocalizations with features that optimize sound transmission or behaviors that improve the efficacy of communication have evolved in many animal species. Among behavioral strategies, some species call from perches above the ground to increase the propagation distance of their acoustic signals. However, the orientation in the perch also influences the transmission of the vocalizations, so that frogs calling from different orientations (i.e., horizontal, upward, or downward) may affect differently the quality and efficacy of sound transmission. We implemented a sound transmission experiment to test for the effect of calling orientation (upward, downward, and horizontal) and distance on the attenuation and degradation of advertisement calls in the common dink frog Diasporus diastema. We broadcasted and re‐recorded advertisement calls at 2 m height, setting the speaker in three directions (upward, downward, and horizontal) to simulate different signaler orientations. We found that attenuation of the advertisement calls is significantly reduced when the speaker was directed either upward or downward, rather than horizontally. However, the degradation of call is lower when the speaker is direct horizontally. Since calls produced from either upward or downward orientations could travel farther, they could be used to signal male spatial location, while calls produced from a horizontal position could provide information on male quality at shorter distances at advanced phases of courtship.
中文翻译：
男性在发声栖息处的定向可以优化无核动物的声音信号传输
声音信号在通过环境传播时会因植被，风流或其他声音而失真。因此，在许多动物物种中，具有优化声音传输特性的发声或改善了交流效果的行为已得到发展。在行为策略中，一些物种从地面上的栖息处呼唤以增加其声信号的传播距离。但是，高位上的方位也会影响发声的传递，因此从不同方位（即水平，向上或向下）呼唤的青蛙可能会不同地影响声音传递的质量和效果。我们实施了声音传输实验，以测试呼叫定向（向上，向下，散发性腹泻。我们广播并重新录制了高度为2 m的广告呼叫，将扬声器设置在三个方向（向上，向下和水平）以模拟不同的信号发送方向。我们发现，当扬声器朝上或朝下而不是水平指向时，广告通话的衰减会大大降低。但是，当扬声器水平放置时，通话质量降低。由于从向上或向下方向发出的呼叫可能传播得更远，因此它们可以用来表示男性的空间位置，而从水平位置发出的呼叫可以在求爱的高级阶段提供较短距离的男性质量信息。
更新日期：2020-12-14
中文翻译：
男性在发声栖息处的定向可以优化无核动物的声音信号传输
声音信号在通过环境传播时会因植被，风流或其他声音而失真。因此，在许多动物物种中，具有优化声音传输特性的发声或改善了交流效果的行为已得到发展。在行为策略中，一些物种从地面上的栖息处呼唤以增加其声信号的传播距离。但是，高位上的方位也会影响发声的传递，因此从不同方位（即水平，向上或向下）呼唤的青蛙可能会不同地影响声音传递的质量和效果。我们实施了声音传输实验，以测试呼叫定向（向上，向下，散发性腹泻。我们广播并重新录制了高度为2 m的广告呼叫，将扬声器设置在三个方向（向上，向下和水平）以模拟不同的信号发送方向。我们发现，当扬声器朝上或朝下而不是水平指向时，广告通话的衰减会大大降低。但是，当扬声器水平放置时，通话质量降低。由于从向上或向下方向发出的呼叫可能传播得更远，因此它们可以用来表示男性的空间位置，而从水平位置发出的呼叫可以在求爱的高级阶段提供较短距离的男性质量信息。
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