In South Australia, Swamps of the Fleurieu Peninsula are critically endangered due to past vegetation clearance and changes in hydrology, but still contain a high diversity of threatened plant species. This vegetation community provides habitat for 82 threatened ground‐stratum plant species, including the nationally critically endangered subshrub Hibbertia tenuis which is endemic to these swamps. With infrequent burning, native ferns and taller shrubs outcompete these species. We conducted glasshouse trials to determine the potential of fire to regenerate threatened and other swamp plant species. Soil samples from eight swamps were used in germination trials with half of each sample treated with heat plus smoke, and half left untreated. Samples were spread onto trays (n = 188), and seedling emergence was recorded for twelve months. Emergence was dominated by native species (2649 seedlings m⁻²) compared to exotics (675 seedlings m⁻²). In total, 48 native and 25 introduced species germinated, with 21% of germinated native species absent from the above‐ground vegetation. The dominant native fern Gleichenia microphylla did not emerge from any soil samples, indicating that recovery likely lags behind that of ground‐strata species, giving them time to establish and set seed before being outcompeted. Thirty‐four rare or threatened species germinated, including five species absent from above‐ground vegetation. Of all native species that emerged, only five were confined to heat plus smoke treatments, suggesting most species will regenerate without fire if overstorey competition is reduced. However, seedling emergence of native shrubs/subshrubs more than doubled with the fire treatment. Of particular importance, H. tenuis showed an 18‐fold increase in germination when treated with heat plus smoke. This study supports the utility of ecological burns as a management tool to regenerate threatened plant species in long‐undisturbed peaty heathlands on permanent swamps.

中文翻译：

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高温和烟雾对永久性淡水沼泽地荒地土壤种子库的影响

在南澳大利亚州，由于过去的植被清除和水文学变化，Fleurieu半岛的沼泽处于极度濒危的状态，但仍然面临着多种濒危植物。这个植被群落为82种受威胁的地层植物提供了栖息地，其中包括这些沼泽特有的全国极度濒危的亚灌木Hibbertia tenuis。由于不经常燃烧，本地蕨类植物和较高的灌木比这些物种更具竞争力。我们进行了温室试验，以确定着火可能再生受威胁的植物和其他沼泽植物。来自八个沼泽的土壤样品用于发芽试验，每个样品的一半用热加烟处理，而另一半未处理。样品铺在盘（ñ = 188），并记录了十二个月的出苗情况。与外来物种（675苗m ^-2）相比，原生物种（2649苗m ^-2）占主导地位。总共有48种本地物种和25种引进物种发芽，其中21％的发芽本地物种不存在于地上植被中。占主导地位的本地蕨类小叶锦鸡儿没有从任何土壤样品中发现，表明恢复可能落后于地层物种，使它们有时间在竞争之前建立并结实种子。有34种稀有或受威胁物种发芽，其中有5种地上植被不存在。在所有出现的本地物种中，只有五个局限于加热加烟处理，这表明如果降低过度竞争，大多数物种将不生火而再生。然而，用火处理后，天然灌木/亚灌木的幼苗出苗增加了一倍以上。特别重要的是，tenuis加热加烟熏时发芽量增加18倍。这项研究支持将生态烧伤作为一种管理工具，用于在永久性沼泽上长期未干旱的豌豆荒地上再生受威胁的植物物种。