Vibrio vulnificus is an aquatic pathogen that can cause primary sepsis and soft tissue infection. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG‐ODN) are a type of essential immunomodulators, which can trigger or enhance immune responses in mammals, fish and humans. In this study, we evaluated the effect of CpG‐ODN 2007 as a potential immunostimulant for zebrafish (Danio rerio) infected with V. vulnificus strain FJ03‐X2. Fish injected with the CpG‐ODN 2007 showed a lower mortality rate compared with the fish that did not receive treatment; the survival rates of the CpG‐ODN 2007‐treated group and PBS‐treated group were 85% and 57.9% respectively. Also, our in vitro results demonstrated that CpG‐ODN 2007 could effectively reduce the toxicity of V. vulnificus strain FJ03‐X2 to zebrafish embryonic fibroblast (ZF4) cells. Furthermore, we assessed innate immune‐related genes (TNF, IL‐1β, IFNg1‐2, MyD88, lysozyme, IL‐10, IL‐22, IL‐26 and TLRs) in expression patterns of V. vulnificus strain FJ03‐X2 infected zebrafish or ZF4 cells with and without CpG‐ODN 2007 treatment. We found that CpG‐ODN 2007 could reduce the toxicity of V. vulnificus to ZF4 cells and regulate the immune system to control the overexpression of specific genes. To sum up, our data indicated that CpG‐ODN 2007 protects zebrafish against Vibrio vulnificus infection.

中文翻译：

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CpG-ODN 2007保护斑马鱼（Danio rerio）免受创伤弧菌感染

创伤弧菌是一种水生病原体，可引起原发性败血症和软组织感染。CpG寡脱氧核苷酸（CpG-ODN）是一种重要的免疫调节剂，可以触发或增强哺乳动物，鱼类和人类的免疫应答。在这项研究中，我们评估了2007年的CpG-ODN作为斑马鱼（一种潜在的免疫刺激效果斑马鱼）感染创伤弧菌菌株FJ03-X2。与未接受治疗的鱼相比，注射了CpG-ODN 2007的鱼死亡率更低。CpG-ODN 2007治疗组和PBS治疗组的生存率分别为85％和57.9％。此外，我们的体外研究结果表明CpG-ODN 2007可以有效降低V. vulnificus的毒性品系FJ03-X2感染斑马鱼胚胎成纤维细胞（ZF4）。此外，我们评估了感染V.vulnificus菌株FJ03-X2的表达模式中的固有免疫相关基因（TNF，IL-1β，IFNg1-2，MyD88，溶菌酶，IL-10，IL-22，IL-26和TLR）。有或没有CpG-ODN 2007处理的斑马鱼或ZF4细胞。我们发现CpG-ODN 2007可以减少V. vulnificus对ZF4细胞的毒性并调节免疫系统以控制特定基因的过表达。综上所述，我们的数据表明CpG-ODN 2007保护斑马鱼免受创伤弧菌感染。