Foraminifera host diverse microbial communities that can shift in response to changing environmental conditions. To characterize climate change impacts on the foraminifera microbiome across life stages, we exposed adult Marginopora vertebralis (Large Benthic Foraminifera) to pCO₂ and temperature scenarios representing present‐day, 2050 and 2100 levels and raised juveniles under present‐day and 2050 conditions. While treatment condition had no significant effect on the seawater microbial communities, exposure to future scenarios significantly altered both adult and juvenile microbiomes. In adults, divergence between present‐day and 2050 or 2100 conditions was primarily driven by a reduced relative abundance of Oxyphotobacteria under elevated temperature and pCO₂. In juveniles, the microbial shift predominantly resulted from changes in the proportion of Proteobacteria. Indicator species analysis identified numerous treatment‐specific indicator taxa, most of which were indicative of present‐day conditions. Oxyphotobacteria, previously reported as putative symbionts of foraminifera, were indicative of present‐day and 2050 conditions in adults, but of present‐day conditions only in juveniles. Overall, we show that the sensitivity of the M. vertebralis microbiome to climate change scenarios extends to both life stages and primarily correlates with declines in Oxyphotobacteria and shifts in Proteobacteria under elevated temperature and pCO₂.

中文翻译：

---

模拟的未来海洋变暖和酸化条件会破坏整个生命阶段钙化有孔虫Marginopora vertebralis的微生物组

有孔虫拥有多种多样的微生物群落，它们可以随着环境条件的变化而变化。为了表征气候变化在整个生命阶段对有孔虫微生物组的影响，我们将成年的脊椎动物Marginopora vertebralis（Large Benthic Foraminifera）暴露于代表当今，2050和2100水平的p CO ₂和温度情景，并在当今和2050年的条件下饲养了未成年幼体。虽然治疗条件对海水微生物群落没有显着影响，但暴露于未来的情况显着改变了成人和少年微生物群落。在成年人中，当今和2050年或2100年的状况之间存在差异，主要是由于高温和高温下氧合细菌的相对丰度降低所致。p CO ₂。在青少年中，微生物迁移主要是由变形杆菌比例的变化引起的。指标种类分析确定了许多特定于处理的指标分类单元，其中大多数都表明了当前的状况。氧合细菌以前被认为是有孔虫的共生体，它指示成人的当前和2050年状况，但仅指示青少年的当前状况。总体而言，我们表明椎骨分枝杆菌微生物组对气候变化情景的敏感性延伸到了两个生命阶段，并且主要与高温和p CO ₂下氧合细菌的下降以及变形杆菌的变化有关。