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Endemicity and land‐use type influence the abundance–range size relationship of birds on a tropical island
Journal of Animal Ecology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13379
Rachakonda Sreekar 1, 2 , Katerina Sam 1, 3 , Salindra K. Dayananda 4, 5 , Uromi Manage Goodale 4 , Sarath W. Kotagama 5 , Eben Goodale 4
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A single adverse environment event can threaten the survival of small-ranged species, while random fluctuations in population size increase the extinction risk of less-abundant species. The abundance-range size relationship (ARR) is usually positive, which means that smaller-ranged species are often of low abundance and might face both problems simultaneously. The ARR has been reported to be negative on tropical islands, perhaps allowing endemic species in such environments to remain extant. But there is a need to understand how endemism and land-use interact to shape ARR. Using 41 highly replicated transects along the full elevational gradient of Sri Lanka, we determined: i) the direction of ARR, ii) if endemism affects ARR, and iii) if land-use (rainforest, buffer, agriculture) changes ARR differently for endemics and non-endemics. Additionally, iv) we identified endemics that had both lower abundances and smaller range sizes, and ranked them from most threatened (specific to rainforests) to least threatened using a weighted-interaction nestedness estimator. i) We found a positive relationship between species abundances and range size. This positive ARR was maintained among endemic and non-endemic species, across land-use types, and at local and regional scales. ii) The ARR interacted with endemicity and land-use. Endemics with smaller range-sizes had higher abundances than non-endemics, and particularly higher in rainforests compared to agriculture. In contrast, species with larger range-sizes had similar abundances across endemicity and land-use categories. Many endemics with smaller range-sizes are globally threatened, therefore higher abundances may buffer them from extinction risks. iii) Nine (29%) endemics had both below average abundance and elevational range size. The nestedness estimator ranked the endemics Sri Lanka Whistling Thrush (Myophonus blighi), Red-faced Malkoha (Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus), Sri Lanka Thrush (Zoothera imbricata) and White-faced Starling (Sturnornis albofrontus) as the four most vulnerable species to local extinction risk, which corresponds to their global extinction risk. We demonstrate that ARR can be positive on tropical islands, but it is influenced by endemism and land-use. Examining shifts in ARR is not only important to understand community dynamics, but can also act as a tool to inform managers about species that require monitoring programs.

中文翻译:

地方性和土地利用类型影响热带岛屿鸟类的丰度-范围大小关系

单一的不利环境事件可能威胁到小范围物种的生存,而种群规模的随机波动会增加数量较少的物种的灭绝风险。丰度-范围大小关系 (ARR) 通常是正的,这意味着范围较小的物种通常丰度低,可能同时面临这两个问题。据报道,热带岛屿上的 ARR 为负值,这可能使此类环境中的特有物种得以幸存。但有必要了解地方性和土地利用如何相互作用以塑造 ARR。使用沿斯里兰卡全海拔梯度的 41 个高度重复的横断面,我们确定:i) ARR 的方向,ii) 地方性是否影响 ARR,以及 iii) 土地利用(雨林、缓冲区、农业)是否对地方性有不同的 ARR和非地方性。此外,iv) 我们确定了具有较低丰度和较小范围的地方性物种,并使用加权交互嵌套估计器将它们从最受威胁(特定于热带雨林)到受威胁最小。i) 我们发现物种丰度和范围大小之间存在正相关关系。这种积极的 ARR 在地方性和非地方性物种、不同土地利用类型以及地方和区域范围内保持不变。ii) ARR 与地方性和土地利用相互作用。范围较小的地方性物种比非地方性物种具有更高的丰度,尤其是与农业相比,雨林中的丰度更高。相比之下,具有较大范围的物种在地方性和土地利用类别中具有相似的丰度。许多分布范围较小的地方性物种受到全球威胁,因此较高的丰度可能会缓冲它们免受灭绝风险。iii) 九个 (29%) 地方性物种的丰度和海拔范围均低于平均水平。嵌套性估计器将特有的斯里兰卡口哨鸫(Myophonus blighi)、红脸鸫(Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus)、斯里兰卡鸫(Zoothera imbricata)和白脸椋鸟(Sturnornis albofrontus)列为四种最易受当地灭绝威胁的物种,这对应于它们的全球灭绝风险。我们证明了 ARR 在热带岛屿上可能是积极的,但它受到地方性和土地利用的影响。检查 ARR 的变化不仅对于了解社区动态很重要,而且还可以作为一种工具,向管理者通报需要监测计划的物种。嵌套性估计器将特有的斯里兰卡口哨鸫(Myophonus blighi)、红脸鸫(Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus)、斯里兰卡鸫(Zoothera imbricata)和白脸椋鸟(Sturnornis albofrontus)列为四种最易受当地灭绝威胁的物种,这对应于它们的全球灭绝风险。我们证明 ARR 在热带岛屿上可能是积极的,但它受到地方性和土地利用的影响。检查 ARR 的变化不仅对于了解社区动态很重要,而且还可以作为一种工具,向管理者通报需要监测计划的物种。嵌套性估计器将特有的斯里兰卡口哨鸫(Myophonus blighi)、红脸鸫(Phaenicophaeus pyrrhocephalus)、斯里兰卡画眉(Zoothera imbricata)和白脸椋鸟(Sturnornis albofrontus)列为四种最易受当地灭绝威胁的物种,这对应于它们的全球灭绝风险。我们证明 ARR 在热带岛屿上可能是积极的,但它受到地方性和土地利用的影响。检查 ARR 的变化不仅对于了解社区动态很重要,而且还可以作为一种工具,向管理者通报需要监测计划的物种。这对应于它们的全球灭绝风险。我们证明 ARR 在热带岛屿上可能是积极的,但它受到地方性和土地利用的影响。检查 ARR 的变化不仅对于了解社区动态很重要,而且还可以作为一种工具,向管理者通报需要监测计划的物种。这对应于它们的全球灭绝风险。我们证明 ARR 在热带岛屿上可能是积极的,但它受到地方性和土地利用的影响。检查 ARR 的变化不仅对于了解社区动态很重要,而且还可以作为一种工具,向管理者通报需要监测计划的物种。
更新日期:2020-11-05
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