While analysis of glacial seismicity continues to be a widely used method for interpreting glacial processes, the underlying mechanics controlling glacial stick‐slip seismicity remain speculative. Here, we report on laboratory shear experiments of debris‐laden ice slid over a bedrock asperity under carefully controlled conditions. By modifying the elastic loading stiffness, we generated the first laboratory icequakes. Our work represents the first comprehensive lab observations of unstable ice‐slip events and replicates several seismological field observations of glacier slip, such as slip velocity, stress drop, and the relationship between stress drop and recurrence interval. We also observe that stick‐slips initiate above a critical driving velocity and that stress drop magnitude decreases with further increases in velocity, consistent with friction theory and rock‐on‐rock friction laboratory experiments. Our results demonstrate that glacier slip behavior can be accurately predicted by the constitutive rate‐and‐state friction laws that were developed for rock friction.

中文翻译：

---

本构摩擦定律在冰川地震中的应用

尽管对冰川地震活动性的分析仍然是解释冰川过程的一种广泛使用的方法，但控制冰川粘滑地震活动性的基本机制仍是推测性的。在这里，我们报告了在精心控制的条件下，在基岩粗糙面上滑过碎屑的冰的实验室剪切实验。通过修改弹性载荷刚度，我们产生了第一个实验室冰震。我们的工作是首次对不稳定滑冰事件进行全面的实验室观测，并复制了一些冰川滑移的地震现场观测结果，例如滑移速度，应力下降以及应力下降与复发间隔之间的关系。我们还观察到，粘滑在高于临界驱动速度时开始，并且应力降的大小随着速度的进一步增加而减小，与摩擦理论和岩石摩擦实验室实验一致。我们的研究结果表明，冰川滑移行为可以通过针对岩石摩擦的本构速率和状态摩擦定律来准确预测。