A tale of two seasons: The link between seasonal migration and climatic niches in passerine birds,Ecology and Evolution

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A tale of two seasons: The link between seasonal migration and climatic niches in passerine birds
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6729
Alison Eyres _{1,

2} , Katrin Böhning-Gaese _{1,

2} , C David L Orme ₃ , Carsten Rahbek ₄ , Susanne A Fritz _{1,

2}

Affiliation

The question of whether migratory birds track a specific climatic niche by seasonal movements has important implications for understanding the evolution of migration, the factors affecting species' distributions, and the responses of migrants to climate change. Despite much research, previous studies of bird migration have produced mixed results. However, whether migrants track climate is only one half of the question, the other being why residents remain in the same geographic range year‐round. We provide a literature overview and test the hypothesis of seasonal niche tracking by evaluating seasonal climatic niche overlap across 437 migratory and resident species from eight clades of passerine birds. Seasonal climatic niches were based on a new global dataset of breeding and nonbreeding ranges. Overlap between climatic niches was quantified using ordination methods. We compared niche overlap of migratory species to two null expectations, (a) a scenario in which they do not migrate and (b) in comparison with the overlap experienced by closely related resident species, while controlling for breeding location and range size. Partly in accordance with the hypothesis of niche tracking, we found that the overlap of breeding versus nonbreeding climatic conditions in migratory species was greater than the overlap they would experience if they did not migrate. However, this was only true for migrants breeding outside the tropics and only relative to the overlap species would experience if they stayed in the breeding range year‐round. In contrast to the hypothesis of niche tracking, migratory species experienced lower seasonal climatic niche overlap than resident species, with significant differences between tropical and nontropical species. Our study suggests that in seasonal nontropical environments migration away from the breeding range may serve to avoid seasonally harsh climate; however, different factors may drive seasonal movements in the climatically more stable tropical regions.

中文翻译：

两个季节的故事：雀形目鸟类的季节性迁徙与气候生态位之间的联系

候鸟是否通过季节性迁徙来追踪特定的气候生态位这一问题对于理解迁徙的演变、影响物种分布的因素以及迁徙者对气候变化的反应具有重要意义。尽管进行了大量研究，但之前对鸟类迁徙的研究得出的结果好坏参半。然而，移民是否追踪气候只是问题的一半，另一个问题是居民为何全年保持在同一地理范围内。我们提供了文献综述，并通过评估来自 8 个雀形目鸟类分支的 437 个迁徙和留住物种的季节性气候生态位重叠来检验季节性生态位跟踪的假设。季节性气候生态位基于新的全球繁殖和非繁殖范围数据集。使用排序方法对气候生态位之间的重叠进行量化。我们将迁徙物种的生态位重叠与两个零预期进行了比较，（a）它们不迁徙的情况；（b）与密切相关的常驻物种经历的重叠进行比较，同时控制繁殖地点和范围大小。部分地根据生态位追踪的假设，我们发现迁徙物种的繁殖与非繁殖气候条件的重叠大于它们不迁徙时所经历的重叠。然而，这只适用于在热带以外繁殖的迁徙鸟类，并且只有当它们全年留在繁殖范围内时才会经历重叠物种的情况。与生态位追踪的假设相反，迁徙物种的季节性气候生态位重叠低于常住物种，热带和非热带物种之间存在显着差异。我们的研究表明，在季节性非热带环境中，远离繁殖地的迁徙可能有助于避免季节性恶劣的气候；然而，不同的因素可能会推动气候更稳定的热带地区的季节性变化。

更新日期：2020-11-13

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