Abstract In this paper, we have comprehensively reviewed the results of recent studies on novel unique material, which is a product of oxidation of graphene or graphite and generally known as graphene oxide. The main focus has been to perform critical analysis and understand whether a monomolecular layer of graphene with attached oxygen atoms and/or various oxygen-containing functional groups (epoxy, carbonyl, carboxyl or hydroxyl) can be considered as an independent phase of a substance, i.e. an oxide. The arguments towards the verification of multi-stage interactions between the oxygen and graphene have been highlighted. The definition of graphene oxide has been analyzed considering proposed structure models, approaches utilized for its preparation, properties of graphene-based materials and their applications in advanced microanalytical platforms, environmental security systems, biosensors and chips for mass spectrometry. Moreover, to support the discussions on the pros and cons, we carried out analyses of the graphene oxide-based material in our laboratory and provided the experimental findings. The chemical nature of the combined structure of oxygen-containing functional groups and a single-layer of carbon atoms is of particular importance in the physical chemistry of surfaces and dispersion systems. Thus, this review is expected to improve a modern understanding of the surface chemistry of nanomaterials and also will provide an opportunity to better analyze the stability of their properties that will be important in many application fields, including the development of micro- and nano-devices based on the modified graphene.

中文翻译：

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氧化石墨烯及其化学性质：氧气和石墨烯之间的多阶段相互作用

摘要 在本文中，我们全面回顾了最近对新型独特材料的研究结果，该材料是石墨烯或石墨氧化的产物，通常称为氧化石墨烯。主要重点是进行批判性分析并了解是否可以将带有氧原子和/或各种含氧官能团（环氧基、羰基、羧基或羟基）的石墨烯单分子层视为物质的独立相，即氧化物。已经强调了验证氧和石墨烯之间多阶段相互作用的论点。考虑到提出的结构模型，用于其制备的方法，分析了氧化石墨烯的定义，石墨烯基材料的特性及其在先进微分析平台、环境安全系统、生物传感器和质谱芯片中的应用。此外，为了支持关于利弊的讨论，我们在实验室中对基于氧化石墨烯的材料进行了分析，并提供了实验结果。含氧官能团和单层碳原子的组合结构的化学性质在表面和分散系统的物理化学中特别重要。因此，这篇综述有望提高对纳米材料表面化学的现代理解，也将为更好地分析其性质的稳定性提供机会，这在许多应用领域都很重要，