Background

The meaning of senescence for tissue physiological and pathological conditions is poorly known. Based on initial reports especially proteins and mechanisms that regulate this process are necessary to be determinate.

Methods

The main aim of the study was to investigate the presence of senescent cells in canine testicular tissue (mixed breed testes; n = 60) in relation to adiponectin signaling. In detail, new information on the senescence cell number, as well as senescence and adiponectin signaling mechanisms in cryptorchid and germ cell tumor testes were provided with the use of immunohistochemical and colorimetric analyses.

Results

Comparison of immunohistochemical results, in cryptorchid and tumor testes revealed increased number of senescent cells (p16 and γH2AX markers). Increased expression of adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1, as well as extracellular signal-activated kinase (ERK1/2) in pathological testes were detected. In addition, decreased cholesterol and increased testosterone levels in tumor testis were found.

Conclusion

The present study is the first to demonstrate the presence as well as the differences that exist in senecent cell number in mixed breed dog testes with cryptorchidism and germ cell tumor. Altered expression of adiponectin signaling and ERK1/2 signaling pathways together with altered cholesterol and testosterone levels reflect important senescence role in disturbed functions of canine testis. Moreover, the application of studied here senescence regulating molecules for detection and prevention against pathologies of the male gonad should be furtherly considered.

中文翻译：

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衰老和脂联素信号——犬睾丸研究

背景

衰老对组织生理和病理状况的意义知之甚少。根据最初的报告，特别是调节这一过程的蛋白质和机制需要确定。

方法

该研究的主要目的是研究与脂联素信号传导相关的犬睾丸组织（混合品种睾丸；n = 60）中衰老细胞的存在。具体而言，通过使用免疫组织化学和比色分析，提供了有关隐睾和生殖细胞肿瘤睾丸中衰老细胞数量以及衰老和脂联素信号传导机制的新信息。

结果

免疫组织化学结果的比较，在隐睾和肿瘤睾丸中显示衰老细胞（p16 和 γH2AX 标记物）数量增加。在病理睾丸中检测到脂联素和脂联素受体 1 以及细胞外信号激活激酶 (ERK1/2) 的表达增加。此外，还发现肿瘤睾丸中胆固醇降低和睾酮水平升高。

结论

本研究首次证明了患有隐睾症和生殖细胞肿瘤的混合品种犬睾丸中衰老细胞数量的存在和差异。脂联素信号和 ERK1/2 信号通路的表达改变以及胆固醇和睾酮水平的改变反映了犬睾丸功能紊乱中的重要衰老作用。此外，应进一步考虑在此处研究的衰老调节分子在检测和预防男性性腺病理方面的应用。