Abstract Introduction of invasive species through ballast water discharge has been a serious concern with the marine ecosystem. With growing research in the ballast water management, recent studies are being focused on the types of invasive species and physico-chemical parameters discharging into ports. Different treatment and management strategies have been internationally implemented in ships in accordance with ratification of 2004 convention. During designing of new ships ballast water management addresses many innovations by adopting different combination of physical and chemical methods. In depth knowledge on indigenous species of marine ecology is very much important in evaluating invasion of species. Treatment systems used for ballast water are systems adapted for industrial and municipal applications. It is observed that different combination of treatment systems have to be implemented for varied species of organisms present in the ballast tank. Mechanical treatment combined with filtration is found to be the most effective treatment for variable species of organisms and physico-chemical parameters present in the ballast tank. Treatments such as filtration and magnetic separation; filtration and gravity separation; Ultra sound technology, Electrochemical and ozone treatment are found to inactivate 100% of organisms especially zooplanktons and bacteria. A filtration step followed by hydroxyl radical treatment has been found to be the most energy efficient, cost effective, low power consuming and able to inactivate 100% of organisms. Further research should develop a better treatment technology for the ballast water to be D-2 compliant.

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船舶压载水处理概述

摘要 通过压载水排放引入入侵物种一直是海洋生态系统的一个严重问题。随着压载水管理研究的不断深入，最近的研究集中在入​​侵物种的类型和排放到港口的物理化学参数上。根据 2004 年公约的批准，国际上对船舶实施了不同的处理和管理策略。在新船设计过程中，压载水管理通过采用物理和化学方法的不同组合解决了许多创新。深入了解海洋生态的本土物种对于评估物种入侵非常重要。用于压载水的处理系统是适用于工业和市政应用的系统。据观察，必须对压载舱中存在的不同种类的生物体实施不同的处理系统组合。发现机械处理与过滤相结合是处理压载舱中存在的各种生物和物理化学参数的最有效方法。过滤、磁选等处理；过滤和重力分离；超声波技术、电化学和臭氧处理被发现可以 100% 灭活生物体，尤其是浮游动物和细菌。已发现过滤步骤后进行羟基自由基处理是最节能、最具成本效益、低功耗且能够 100% 灭活生物体的方法。进一步的研究应该开发一种更好的处理技术，使压载水符合 D-2 标准。