Abstract Integrated weed control methods are increasingly demanded to maintain high yield while alleviating negative environmental side effects of control measures. Five field experiments were conducted during 2015–2017 at three locations in Iran to determine the advantage of exploiting enhanced competitive ability of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) via cultivar mixture to reduce herbicide dose. For all experiments, the experimental design was split-plot in randomized complete block with four replications. Main plots were assigned to the factor "herbicide dose" with 5 levels between 0 and 100 % of recommended dose and subplots comprised monoculture of a stand growth type cultivar (STAND), monoculture of a climbing growth type cultivar (CLIMB) and the substitutive (50 % STAND/50 % CLIMB) cultivar mixture (MIXCR). Without herbicide application, the yield of STAND, CLIMB and MIXCR was estimated at 588, 1026, and 1637 kg ha−1, and the corresponding weed biomass (W0) at 388, 215, and 239 g m-2, respectively. The herbicide dose to decrease W0 by 50 % (ed50) was estimated as 69 % of the recommended dose for STAND, while it was 53 and 45 % for CLIMB and MIXCR, respectively. Herbicide application at full rate increased the average yield of STAND by 2610 kg ha−1, but 1115 and 1532 kg ha-1 for CLIMB and MIXCR, respectively. Potential yield of CLIMB at full herbicide rate application was 2141 kg ha−1, while STAND and MIXCR showed statistically the same potential of producing 3198 and 3169 kg h−1 bean yield. However, MIXCR could achieve its potential yield at half of the recommended dose. Relative yield total (RYT) was lower than or equal to one at 75 % and 100 % of the recommended dose, but with decreasing herbicide dose to 50 or 25 % RYT raised to 1.2. Careful selection of cultivars for growing in mixture that combines strong competitor with high yield cultivars is crucial to achieve potential yield with less dependence on herbicides. As we could show for bean, this will help to overcome conflicting management objectives to reach both environmental and economic goals in weed control and crop production.

中文翻译：

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豆类品种混合物可在保持高产的同时减少除草剂的用量：迈向更环保的杂草管理的一步

摘要 越来越需要综合杂草控制方法来保持高产，同时减轻控制措施对环境的负面影响。2015-2017 年在伊朗的三个地点进行了五次田间试验，以确定通过栽培品种混合物利用增强的豆类（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）竞争能力来降低除草剂剂量的优势。对于所有实验，实验设计是随机完整区组中的裂区，重复四次。主要地块被分配给因子“除草剂剂量”，其中 5 个水平介于推荐剂量的 0% 和 100% 之间，子地块包括单株栽培的直立生长型栽培品种 (STAND)、攀缘生长型栽培品种 (CLIMB) 的单一栽培和替代品 ( 50% STAND/50% CLIMB) 栽培品种混合物 (MIXCR)。在不使用除草剂的情况下，STAND、CLIMB 和 MIXCR 的产量估计为 588、1026 和 1637 kg ha-1，相应的杂草生物量 (W0) 分别为 388、215 和 239 g m-2。将 W0 降低 50% (ed50) 的除草剂剂量估计为 STAND 推荐剂量的 69%，而 CLIMB 和 MIXCR 分别为 53% 和 45%。全速施用除草剂使 STAND 的平均产量增加了 2610 kg ha-1，但 CLIMB 和 MIXCR 的平均产量分别增加了 1115 和 1532 kg ha-1。CLIMB 在全除草剂施用量下的潜在产量为 2141 kg ha-1，而 STAND 和 MIXCR 显示出在统计学上产生 3198 和 3169 kg h-1 豆产量的相同潜力。然而，MIXCR 可以在推荐剂量的一半时实现其潜在产量。在推荐剂量的 75% 和 100% 时，相对总产量 (RYT) 低于或等于 1，但除草剂剂量降低至 50% 或 25% 时，RYT 升至 1.2。仔细选择在混合中生长的品种，将强大的竞争者与高产品种相结合，对于在减少对除草剂依赖的情况下实现潜在产量至关重要。正如我们在豆类中所展示的那样，这将有助于克服相互冲突的管理目标，以实现杂草控制和作物生产方面的环境和经济目标。