Abstract Floods in Germany have caused significant economic damage and are expected to become more frequent. The economic damage expected as a result of floods will affect households differently across income levels. A method, rooted in economic theory, is proposed to estimate changes in household welfare and income inequality resulting from expected flood damage. It is found that welfare losses after floods disproportionately harm low income households and increase inequality by 0.14%. Families with dependent children and householders of retirement age in the lowest income quartile are the most affected. In order to collect additional resources to cover the cost of the financial relief, the of additional income, real estate and energy taxes are investigated. These instruments yield a reduction in income inequality. It is also shown that rewarding investment in mitigation and insurance, and supporting low income households can be jointly achieved when re-allocating additional energy-tax revenues.

中文翻译：

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洪水、洪水政策以及福利和不平等的变化：来自德国的证据

摘要 德国的洪水造成了重大的经济损失，并且预计会变得更加频繁。预计洪水造成的经济损失将对不同收入水平的家庭产生不同的影响。提出了一种植根于经济理论的方法来估计预期洪水造成的家庭福利和收入不平等的变化。结果表明，洪水后的福利损失对低收入家庭造成了不成比例的伤害，并使不平等程度增加了 0.14%。有受抚养子女的家庭和处于最低收入四分位数的退休年龄的家庭受到的影响最大。为了筹集额外的资源来支付财政救济的费用，对额外收入、房地产和能源税进行了调查。这些工具减少了收入不平等。