MAIN CONCLUSION Responses of plant biomass and yield components to warming are species-specific and are shifted as increased warming magnitude rises; this finding improves the results of IPCC AR5. The responses of crop yields to climatic warming have been extensively reported from experimental results, historical yield collections, and modeling research. However, an integrative report on the responses of plant biomass and yield components of three major crops to experimental warming is lacking. Here, a meta-analysis based on the most recent warming experiments was conducted to quantify the climatic warming responses of the biomass, grain yield (GY), and yield components of three staple crops. The results showed that the wheat total aboveground biomass (TAGB) increased by 6.0% with general warming, while the wheat GY did not significantly respond to warming; however, the responses shifted with increases in the mean growing season temperature (MGST). Negative effects on wheat TAGB and GY appeared when the MGSTs were above 15 °C and 13 °C, respectively. The wheat GY and the number of grains per panicle decreased by 8.4% and 7.5%, respectively, per degree Celsius increase. Increases in temperature significantly reduced the rice TAGB and GY by 4.3% and 16.6%, respectively, but rice straw biomass increased with increasing temperature. However, the rice grain weight and the number of panicles decreased with continuous increasing temperature (ΔTa). The maize biomass, GY, and yield components all generally decreased with climatic warming. Finally, the crop responses to climatic warming were significantly influenced by warming time, warming treatment facility, and methods. Our findings can improve the assessment of crop responses to climatic warming and are useful for ensuring food security while combating future global climate change.

中文翻译：

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水稻、小麦和玉米植物生物量和产量成分对气候变暖的响应：荟萃分析

主要结论 植物生物量和产量成分对变暖的反应是物种特异性的，并且随着变暖幅度的增加而变化；这一发现改进了 IPCC AR5 的结果。作物产量对气候变暖的反应已从实验结果、历史产量收集和建模研究中得到广泛报道。然而，缺乏关于三种主要作物的植物生物量和产量成分对实验性变暖响应的综合报告。在这里，基于最近的变暖实验进行了一项荟萃分析，以量化三种主要作物的生物量、谷物产量 (GY) 和产量成分的气候变暖响应。结果表明，小麦总地上生物量（TAGB）随着普遍变暖增加了6.0%，而小麦GY对变暖没有显着反应；然而，随着平均生长季节温度 (MGST) 的升高，反应发生了变化。当MGST分别高于15°C和13°C时，对小麦TAGB和GY产生负面影响。每增加1摄氏度，小麦GY和每穗粒数分别减少8.4%和7.5%。温度升高显着降低水稻 TAGB 和 GY 分别为 4.3% 和 16.6%，但稻草生物量随温度升高而增加。然而，随着温度的持续升高（ΔTa），水稻粒重和穗数减少。玉米生物量、GY 和产量成分普遍随着气候变暖而下降。最后，作物对气候变暖的反应受到变暖时间的显着影响，加温处理设备和方法。我们的研究结果可以改进对作物对气候变暖反应的评估，并有助于在应对未来全球气候变化的同时确保粮食安全。