Gravitational waves astronomy has opened a new opportunity to study the Universe. Full exploitation of this window can especially be provided by combining data coming from gravitational waves experiments with luminous tracers of the Large Scale Structure, like galaxies. In this work we investigate the cross-correlation signal between gravitational waves resolved events, as detected by the Einstein Telescope, and actively star-forming galaxies. The galaxies distribution is computed through their UV and IR luminosity functions and the gravitational waves events, assumed to be of stellar origin, are self-consistently computed from the aforementioned galaxies distribution. We provide a state-of-the-art treatment both on the astrophysical side, taking into account the impact of the star formation and chemical evolution histories of galaxies, and in computing the cross-correlation signal, for which we include lensing and relativistic effects. We find that the measured cross-correlation signal can be sufficiently strong to overcome the noise and provide a clear signal. As a possible application of this methodology, we consider a proof-of-concept case in which we aim at discriminating a metallicity dependence on the compact objects merger efficiency against a reference case with no metallicity dependence. When considering galaxies with a Star Formation Rate $\psi > 10 \: M_{\odot} /\rm{yr}$, a Signal-to-Noise ratio around a value of 2-4 is gained after a decade of observation time, depending on the observed fraction of the sky. This formalism can be exploited as an astrophysical probe and could potentially allow to test and compare different astrophysical scenarios.

中文翻译：

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探索星系-引力波互相关作为天体物理探测器

引力波天文学为研究宇宙开辟了新的机会。通过将来自引力波实验的数据与大型结构（如星系）的发光示踪剂相结合，可以充分利用这个窗口。在这项工作中，我们研究了爱因斯坦望远镜探测到的引力波解析事件与活跃的恒星形成星系之间的互相关信号。星系分布是通过它们的 UV 和 IR 光度函数计算的，并且假设来自恒星的引力波事件是根据上述星系分布自洽计算的。我们在天体物理学方面提供最先进的处理，同时考虑到恒星形成和星系化学演化历史的影响，在计算互相关信号时，我们包括透镜效应和相对论效应。我们发现测量的互相关信号可以足够强以克服噪声并提供清晰的信号。作为这种方法的可能应用，我们考虑了一个概念验证案例，在该案例中，我们的目标是区分对紧凑物体合并效率的金属度依赖性与没有金属度依赖性的参考案例。当考虑恒星形成率 $\psi > 10 \: M_{\odot} /\rm{yr}$ 的星系时，在十年的观测时间后获得了大约 2-4 的信噪比，取决于观察到的天空部分。这种形式主义可以被用作天体物理探测器，并可能允许测试和比较不同的天体物理场景。