We use $Planck$ 2018 data to constrain the simplest models of scalar-tensor theories characterized by a coupling to the Ricci scalar of the type $F(\sigma) R$ with $F(\sigma) = N_{pl}^2 + \xi \sigma^2$. We update our results with previous $Planck$ and BAO data releases obtaining the tightest constraints to date on the coupling parameters, that is $\xi < 5.5 \times 10^{-4}$ for $N_{pl}=0$ (induced gravity or equivalently extended Jordan-Brans-Dicke) and $(N_{pl} \sqrt{8 \pi G})-1 < 1.8 \times 10^{-5}$ for $\xi = -1/6$ (conformal coupling), both at 95% CL. Because of a modified expansion history after radiation-matter equality compared to the $\Lambda$CDM model, all these dynamical models accommodate a higher value for $H_0$ and therefore alleviate the tension between $Planck$/BAO and distance-ladder measurement from SNe Ia data from $4.4\sigma$ at best to $2.3\sigma$. We show that all these results are robust to changes in the neutrino physics. In comparison to the $\Lambda$CDM model, partial degeneracies between neutrino physics and the coupling to the Ricci scalar allow for smaller values $N_{\rm eff} \sim 2.8$, $1\sigma$ lower compared to the standard $N_{\rm eff} = 3.046$, and relax the upper limit on the neutrino mass up to 40%.

中文翻译：

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引力、中微子物理学和 H0 张力的标量张量理论

我们使用 $Planck$ 2018 数据来约束最简单的标量张量理论模型，其特征在于与 $F(\sigma) R$ 类型的 Ricci 标量耦合，其中 $F(\sigma) = N_{pl}^2 + \xi \sigma^2$。我们使用之前的 $Planck$ 和 BAO 数据发布更新我们的结果，以获得迄今为止对耦合参数最严格的约束，即 $\xi < 5.5 \times 10^{-4}$ for $N_{pl}=0$ (诱导重力或等效扩展 Jordan-Brans-Dicke) 和 $(N_{pl} \sqrt{8 \pi G})-1 < 1.8 \times 10^{-5}$ for $\xi = -1/6$ （共形耦合），均在 95% CL。由于与 $\Lambda$CDM 模型相比辐射物质相等后的膨胀历史经过修改，所有这些动力学模型都为 $H_0$ 提供了更高的值，因此缓解了 $Planck$/BAO 与距离阶梯测量之间的紧张关系SNe Ia 数据 4 美元起。4\sigma$ 至多 $2.3\sigma$。我们表明，所有这些结果对于中微子物理学的变化都是稳健的。与 $\Lambda$CDM 模型相比，中微子物理和与 Ricci 标量的耦合之间的部分简并允许较小的值 $N_{\rm eff} \sim 2.8$, $1\sigma$ 与标准 $N_ 相比较低{\rm eff} = 3.046$，并将中微子质量的上限放宽至 40%。