We present a generalization of the Hawking effect for dynamical trapping horizons by calculating the tunneling rate in the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism. It turns out that all horizons classified by Hayward are subjected to thermal quantum effects. While the Hawking effect for future outer and past inner trapping horizons is given as a particle emission, we show that the Hawking effect for future inner and past outer trapping horizons translates to an absorption. The universality of the treatment allows a natural transfer to the static case.

中文翻译：

---

跨动态视界的量子效应

我们通过计算 Hamilton-Jacobi 形式主义中的隧穿率，对动态捕获视界的霍金效应进行了概括。事实证明，海沃德分类的所有视界都受到热量子效应的影响。虽然未来外部和过去内部捕获层的霍金效应是作为粒子发射给出的，但我们表明未来内部和过去外部捕获层的霍金效应转化为吸收。处理的普遍性允许自然转移到静态情况。