Fire is one of the most dangerous phenomena causing major casualties and financial losses in hospitals and healthcare settings. In order to prevent and control the fire sources, first risk assessment should be conducted. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is one of the techniques widely used for risk assessment. However, Risk Priority Number (RPN) in this technique does not take into account the weight of the risk parameters. In addition, indirect relationships between risk parameters and expert opinions are not considered in decision making in this method. The aim is to conduct fire risk assessment of healthcare setting using the application of FMEA combined with Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. First, a review of previous studies on fire risk assessment was conducted and existing rules were identified. Then, the factors influencing fire risk were classified according to FMEA criteria. In the next step, weights of fire risk criteria and subcriteria were determined using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multiplicative Best-Worst Method (IFMBWM) and different wards of the hospital were ranked using Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Combinative Distance-based Assessment (IVIFCODAS) method. Finally, a case study was performed in one of the hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. In this study, fire alarm system (0.4995), electrical equipment and installations (0.277), and flammable materials (0.1065) had the highest weight, respectively. The hospital powerhouse also had the highest fire risk, due to the lack of fire extinguishers, alarms and fire detection, facilities located in the basement floor, boilers and explosive sensitivity, insufficient access, and housekeeping. The use of MCDM methods in combination with the FMEA method assesses the risk of fire in hospitals and health centers with great accuracy.

中文翻译：

---

在医疗机构中进行火灾风险评估：FMEA与多标准决策方法相结合的应用

火灾是最危险的现象之一，在医院和医疗机构中造成重大人员伤亡和经济损失。为了预防和控制火源，应首先进行风险评估。失效模式和后果分析（FMEA）是广泛用于风险评估的技术之一。但是，此技术中的风险优先级数字（RPN）未考虑风险参数的权重。此外，该方法的决策过程中未考虑风险参数与专家意见之间的间接关系。目的是结合FMEA和多标准决策（MCDM）方法进行医疗机构火灾风险评估。首先，对以前的火灾风险评估研究进行了回顾，并确定了现有规则。然后，根据FMEA标准对影响火灾风险的因素进行了分类。在下一步中，使用直觉模糊乘积最佳-最差方法（IFMBWM）确定火灾风险标准和子标准的权重，并使用基于间隔直觉模糊综合距离评估（IVIFCODAS）的方法对医院的不同病房进行排名。最后，在设拉子医科大学的一家医院进行了案例研究。在这项研究中，火灾报警系统（0.4995），电气设备和装置（0.277）和易燃材料（0.1065）的重量最高。由于缺乏灭火器，警报和火灾探测，地下室的设施，锅炉和爆炸物的敏感性，出入不足，和家政服务。将MCDM方法与FMEA方法结合使用可以非常准确地评估医院和医疗中心的火灾风险。