VX is an organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor known as a chemical warfare agent. This study was designed 1) to determine the acute toxicity of VX in male rhesus monkeys by subcutaneous administration, 2) to evaluate the efficacy of a transdermal patch containing physostigmine and procyclidine. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the subcutaneous injection of VX was 15.409 ug/kg, which was calculated using the up-and-down dose selection procedure based on deaths occurring within 48 h. To test the efficacy of the transdermal patch, rhesus monkeys were treated with a patch (5x5 cm2) alone or in combination with post-exposure therapy comprising atropine plus 2-pralidoxime (2-PAM), and then administered subcutaneous injection of VX at various doses. The rhesus monkeys pretreated with the patch alone were 100% protected against 1.5xLD50 of VX, while the rhesus monkeys treated with the patch, atropine, and 2-PAM were 100% protected against 50xLD50 of VX. This study demonstrated that patch pretreatment in conjunction with atropine and 2-PAM treatment is an effective regimen against high doses of VX.

中文翻译：

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含有毒扁豆碱和环己定的透皮贴剂可保护猕猴免受VX毒害

VX是一种有机磷酸胆碱酯酶抑制剂，被称为化学战剂。设计该研究的目的是：1）通过皮下给药确定VX对雄性恒河猴的急性毒性，2）评价含有毒扁豆碱和环己定的透皮贴剂的功效。皮下注射VX的中值致死剂量（LD50）为15.409 ug / kg，这是根据48小时内发生的死亡情况使用上下剂量选择程序计算得出的。为了测试透皮贴剂的功效，单独或与含阿托品加2-普鲁肟肟（2-PAM）的暴露后疗法联合用贴剂（5x5 cm2）处理恒河猴，然后在不同的皮下注射VX剂量。单独用贴片预处理的恒河猴受到100％的1.5XLD50 VX保护，而使用贴片，阿托品和2-PAM处理的恒河猴受到100％的VX 50xLD50保护。这项研究表明，贴片预处理与阿托品和2-PAM疗法相结合是一种有效的方案，可对抗高剂量的VX。