Living matter often exhibits multimode transport that switches between an active, self-propelled motion and a seemingly passive, random motion. Here, we investigate an exactly solvable model of multimode active matter, such as living cells and motor proteins, which alternatingly undergoes active and passive motion. Our model study shows that the reversible transition between a passive mode and an active mode causes super-Gaussian transport dynamics, observed in various experiments. We find the non-Gaussian character of the matter's displacement distribution is essentially determined by the population ratio between active and passive motion. Interestingly, under a certain population ratio of the active and passive modes, the displacement distribution changes from sub-Gaussian to super-Gaussian as time increases. The mean-square displacement of our model exhibits transient superdiffusive dynamics, yet recovers diffusive behavior at both the short- and long-time limits. We finally generalize our model to encompass complex, multimode active matter in an arbitrary spatial dimension.

中文翻译：

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多模活性物质的超高斯超扩散传输

生物通常会表现出多模式传输，这种模式会在主动的自我推动运动与看似被动的随机运动之间切换。在这里，我们研究了多模态活性物质（例如活细胞和运动蛋白）的精确可解模型，该模型交替经历主动和被动运动。我们的模型研究表明，在各种实验中观察到，被动模式和主动模式之间的可逆转换会导致超高斯输运动力学。我们发现物质的位移分布的非高斯性质主要由主动运动和被动运动之间的人口比例决定。有趣的是，在一定比例的主动模态和被动模态下，位移分布随时间的增加从次高斯向超高斯变化。我们模型的均方位移表现出瞬态超扩散动力学，但在短期和长期限制下均恢复了扩散行为。最后，我们将模型概括为在任意空间维度上包含复杂的多模式活性物质。