Willow (Salix), a dioecious plant, is an important ornamental tree species in the world. Salix linearistipularis, a perennial woody plant species naturally distributed on the Songnen Plain saline-alkali land in northeast China, has a high saline condition. To study the sexual differences of S. linearistipularis in salinity tolerance, the physiological and transcriptional responses to salinity were compared between female and male cuttings. Under salinity stress, the female leaves exhibited higher superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities and photosynthetic capacity, and lower H₂O₂ contents than those of male leaves. Under salinity stress, sodium (Na⁺) accumulation in female leaves was lower than that in the male leaves. The non-invasive micro-test showed that the net Na⁺ efflux in the salt-treated female roots was higher than that in male roots. Physiological responses revealed that female cuttings were more tolerant than males, which may be mainly due to females having lower leaf Na⁺ accumulation and higher root Na⁺ efflux capacity than males. Transcriptional analyses showed that 108 differentially expressed salt-responsive genes were identified in both female and male roots; most of these showed sexual differences in expression patterns under salinity stress. RNA-seq combined with qPCR analysis showed that the salt-induced expression of four Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter (NHX) genes (SlNHX3, 5, 6, 7) in female roots was higher than that in male roots. Transcriptional analyses revealed that the higher Na⁺ efflux capacity in female roots than in male roots may be closely related to the differential expression of salt-responsive genes, especially NHX genes.

柳树（柳属），雌雄异体植物，是世界重要的观赏树种。线状柳是自然分布在我国东北松嫩平原盐碱地的多年生木本植物物种，具有较高的盐分条件。研究性别差异线状沙门氏菌在耐盐性方面，比较了雌性和雄性插条对盐度的生理和转录反应。盐胁迫下，雌叶比雄叶表现出较高的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性和光合能力，而H ₂ O ₂含量较低。盐胁迫下，雌叶钠（Na ⁺ ）积累量低于雄叶。非侵入性微量测试表明，盐处理雌根的Na ⁺净流出量高于雄根。生理反应显示，雌性插条比雄性插条具有更高的耐受性，这可能主要是由于雌性插条比雄性插条具有较低的叶Na ⁺积累和较高的根部Na ⁺外流能力。转录分析表明，在雌性和雄性根中均发现了 108 个差异表达的盐响应基因；其中大多数在盐度胁迫下表现出表达模式的性别差异。 RNA-seq结合qPCR分析表明，盐诱导了四个Na ⁺ /H ⁺逆向转运蛋白的表达（ NHX ) 基因 ( SlNHX3, 5, 6, 7 )在雌根中的含量高于在雄根中的含量。 转录分析表明，雌根的Na ⁺流出能力高于雄根，可能与盐响应基因的差异表达密切相关，特别是NHX基因。