Protein identification has gone beyond simply using protein/peptide tags and labeling canonical amino acids. Genetic code expansion has allowed residue- or site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into proteins. By taking advantage of the unique properties of non-canonical amino acids, we can identify spatiotemporal-specific protein states within living cells. Insertion of more than one non-canonical amino acid allows for selective labeling that can aid in the identification of weak or transient protein–protein interactions. This review will discuss recent studies applying genetic code expansion for protein labeling and identifying protein–protein interactions and offer considerations for future work in expanding genetic code expansion methods.

中文翻译：

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使用遗传密码扩展进行蛋白质生化研究

蛋白质鉴定已经超越了简单地使用蛋白质/肽标签和标记规范氨基酸。遗传密码扩展允许将非规范氨基酸残基或位点特异性掺入蛋白质中。通过利用非规范氨基酸的独特性质，我们可以识别活细胞内的时空特异性蛋白质状态。插入多个非规范氨基酸可以进行选择性标记，从而有助于识别弱或短暂的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。本综述将讨论最近应用遗传密码扩展进行蛋白质标记和识别蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的研究，并为扩展遗传密码扩展方法的未来工作提供考虑。