Background: The role of adiponectin (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms in weight loss and serum lipid changes following different dietary interventions remain unclear. The Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with improved cardiovascular risk factors in different studies. Objective: Our aim was to analyze the effects of a hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern on the metabolic response and adiposity parameters, taking into account the 712 G/A rs3774261 polymorphisms in ADIPOQ. Design: A population of 135 obese patients was enrolled. Anthropometric and serum parameters (lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance [HOMA-IR], glucose, C-reactive protein [CRP], adiponectin, resistin, and leptin levels) were measured before and after the dietary intervention (12 weeks). All of the patients were genotyped for the rs3774261 polymorphism. Results: The genotype distribution of this population was 36 patients with AA (26.7%), 68 patients with AG (50.4%), and 31 patients with GG (22.9%). After the dietary intervention and in both genotypes, BMI, weight, fat mass, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels all decreased. After the dietary intervention with secondary weight loss and in non-G-allele carriers (AA vs. AG+GG), total cholesterol (Δ = –15.7 ± 3.9 vs. –4.9 ± 2.9 mg/dL; p = 0.02), LDL cholesterol (Δ = –15.3 ± 3.8 vs. –1.7 ± 1.9 mg/dL; p = 0.01), triglyceride levels (Δ = –23.4 ± 5.6 vs. 2.3 ± 2.3 mg/dL; p = 0.01), and CRP (Δ = –1.1 ± 0.1 vs. –0.4 ± 0.2 mg/dL; p = 0.01) decreased. Adiponectin levels (Δ = 7.2 ± 2.1 vs. –0.4 ± 0.3 ng/dL; p = 0.02) increased. Notably, G-allele carriers did not show this improvement. Conclusion: Non-G-allele carriers of the ADIPOQ variant (rs3774261) showed significant improvement in serum levels of adiponectin, lipid profiles, and CRP in response to a hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean dietary pattern.

中文翻译：

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变异 rs3774261 的非 G 等位基因携带者的地中海饮食模式后血清脂质和脂联素的改善

背景：脂联素 (ADIPOQ) 多态性在不同饮食干预后体重减轻和血脂变化中的作用仍不清楚。在不同的研究中，地中海饮食模式与改善心血管危险因素有关。目的：我们的目的是分析地中海饮食模式的低热量饮食对代谢反应和肥胖参数的影响，同时考虑到 ADIPOQ 中的 712 G/A rs3774261 多态性。设计：招募了 135 名肥胖患者。在饮食干预之前和之后测量人体测量学和血清参数（脂质谱、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估 [HOMA-IR]、葡萄糖、C 反应蛋白 [CRP]、脂联素、抵抗素和瘦素水平）（12周）。所有患者都进行了 rs3774261 多态性的基因分型。结果：该人群的基因型分布为 36 例 AA（26.7%）、68 例 AG（50.4%）和 31 例 GG（22.9%）。饮食干预后，两种基因型的 BMI、体重、脂肪量、收缩压、腰围、葡萄糖、胰岛素、HOMA-IR 和瘦素水平均下降。继发性体重减轻的饮食干预后，非 G 等位基因携带者（AA vs. AG+GG），总胆固醇（Δ = –15.7 ± 3.9 vs. –4.9 ± 2.9 mg/dL；p = 0.02），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（Δ = –15.3 ± 3.8 vs. –1.7 ± 1.9 mg/dL；p = 0.01）、甘油三酯水平（Δ = –23.4 ± 5.6 vs. 2.3 ± 2.3 mg/dL；p = 0.01）和 CRP（Δ = –1.1 ± 0.1 与 –0.4 ± 0.2 mg/dL；p = 0.01) 降低。脂联素水平（Δ = 7.2 ± 2.1 vs. –0.4 ± 0.3 ng/dL；p = 0.02）增加。尤其，G 等位基因携带者没有表现出这种改善。结论：对于地中海饮食模式的低热量饮食，ADIPOQ 变体 (rs3774261) 的非 G 等位基因携带者的血清脂联素、血脂和 CRP 水平显着改善。