Rapid urban population growth that boosts increased waste generation and electricity demand has led to a possible alternative waste-to-energy solution in Southeast Asia. Despite some issues related to the development of the waste-to-energy sector such as public perception, all stakeholder involvement, public–private partnerships, funding, and climate factors, some Southeast Asian countries have made a reasonably successful step toward the developed technologies. Therefore, this study aimed to highlight an overview of the waste-to-energy sector in Southeast Asian countries to specify the status, challenges, opportunities, and selection of the technologies suited for the specific country. In order to achieve this aim, the study collected, synthesized, and evaluated data about waste resources, current waste management, waste-to-energy utilization, and its potential in the region based on published research papers and policy reports. It was found that the major waste-to-energy technologies in the region are incineration, landfills with gas capture, and anaerobic digestion. The total quantity of the waste-to-energy capacity from landfill biogas plants, incineration plants, and other waste-to-energy practices in the region accounts for over 323 MW at present and is expected to grow to double its current size by 2022. Meanwhile, by 2030, the realizable generation potential from renewable municipal waste in six Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) amounts to 17.26 terawatt-hours (TWh). The study also specifies the requirements and considerations for the selection of waste-to-energy technologies, as well as the dimensions related to the development of the technologies. Additionally, four major aspects—technical, financial, environmental, and social and political—regarding the challenges and opportunities for the development of these technologies are considered. The challenges and opportunities related to the development of waste-to-energy in the region reveal how to overcome the drawbacks and to grasp the benefits at present and in the near future. Finally, the study is concluded with suggestions for the selection of the technologies in the region.

中文翻译：

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东南亚可再生垃圾发电：垃圾发电技术的现状，挑战，机遇和选择

城市人口的快速增长促进了废物产生和电力需求的增加，导致了东南亚可能的替代性废物转化为能源的解决方案。尽管有一些与废物转化为能源的行业相关的问题，例如公众的认识，所有利益相关者的参与，公私伙伴关系，资金和气候因素，但一些东南亚国家还是朝着已开发技术迈出了相当成功的一步。因此，本研究旨在重点介绍东南亚国家的垃圾发电领域，以明确其地位，挑战，机遇以及适合该特定国家的技术选择。为了实现这一目标，该研究收集，综合和评估了有关废物资源，当前废物管理，废物转化为能源的利用，根据已发表的研究论文和政策报告，了解其在该地区的潜力。结果发现，该地区的主要废物转化为能源技术是焚烧，带有气体捕获的垃圾填埋场和厌氧消化。目前，该地区垃圾填埋沼气厂，焚化厂和其他废物转化为能源的废物转化为能源的总量超过323兆瓦，预计到2022年将增长到目前的两倍。同时，到2030年，东南亚六个国家（印尼，马来西亚，菲律宾，新加坡，泰国和越南）可再生城市垃圾产生的可实现发电潜力达到17.26太瓦小时（TWh）。这项研究还规定了选择废物转化为能源技术的要求和考虑因素，以及与技术开发相关的维度。此外，还考虑了有关技术开发的挑战和机遇的四个主要方面，即技术，财务，环境，社会和政治方面。与该地区废物能源发展相关的挑战和机遇揭示了如何克服目前的弊端并把握当前和不久的将来的利益。最后，研究结束时提出了对该地区技术选择的建议。与该地区废物能源发展相关的挑战和机遇揭示了如何克服目前的弊端并把握当前和不久的将来的利益。最后，研究结束时提出了对该地区技术选择的建议。与该地区废物能源发展相关的挑战和机遇揭示了如何克服目前的弊端并把握当前和不久的将来的利益。最后，研究结束时提出了对该地区技术选择的建议。