Management of inorganic fertilizer is very important to obtain maximum crop yield and improved nutrient use efficiency in cereal crops. Fixation of phosphatic fertilizers in alkaline soils due to calcareousness is one of the major hurdles. It induces phosphorus nutritional stress that can decrease the yield of maize and wheat. Selection of a suitable application method and proper stage of crop for phosphorus (P) fertilizer has prime importance in better uptake of P and crop production. Among different application methods, soil and foliar application are widely adopted. In wheat and maize, knee height + tasseling and stem elongation + booting are critical stages towards P deficiency. That is why field trials were conducted to evaluate the supplemental effect of foliar P on maize and wheat yields. For that, 144 mM KH₂PO₄ was applied as foliar at knee height + tasseling and stem elongation + boot stages in maize and wheat, respectively. Soil application of 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P ha⁻¹ was done through broadcast and band methods. Results showed that foliar spray of 144 mM KH₂PO₄ at knee height + tasseling and stem elongation + boot stages in wheat and maize significantly enhanced grains yield and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) where P was applied as banding or broadcast at the time of sowing. A significant decreasing trend in response to increasing soil P levels validated the efficacious role and suitability of foliar P. In conclusion, the use of P as foliar at knee height + tasseling and stem elongation + boot stages is an efficacious way to manage P fertilizer.

中文翻译：

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通过小麦和玉米作物施用方法和施用量的同步管理磷素养分

无机肥料的管理对于获得最大的谷物产量和提高谷物作物的养分利用率非常重要。由于石灰质而在碱性土壤中固定磷肥是主要障碍之一。它引起磷营养胁迫，这会降低玉米和小麦的产量。选择合适的施用方法和适当的农作物磷肥阶段对于提高磷的吸收和作物产量至关重要。在不同的施用方法中，土壤和叶面施用被广泛采用。在小麦和玉米中，膝高+穗线抽穗和茎伸长+靴子是缺磷的关键阶段。这就是为什么进行田间试验以评估叶面磷对玉米和小麦单产的补充作用。为此，144 mM KH ₂在玉米和小麦中，分别在膝高+抽穗和茎伸长+引导期将PO ₄用作叶面。通过广播和波段方法进行了0、20、40和60 kg P ha ^-1的土壤施用。结果表明，叶面喷洒了144 mM KH ₂ PO ₄小麦和玉米的膝高+抽穗和茎伸长+引导期，显着提高了籽粒的产量和磷的利用效率（PUE），其中P在播种时作为捆扎或播种施用。随着土壤P含量的增加，显着下降的趋势证实了叶面P的有效作用和适用性。总之，在膝盖高度+穗起和茎伸长+引导阶段使用P作为叶面是管理P肥的有效方法。