Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)) Moench is an important food for humans and feed for livestock. Sorghum contains dhurrin which can be degraded into toxic hydrogen cyanide. Here, we report the expression patterns of 14 candidate genes related to dhurrin ((S)-4-Hydroxymandelnitrile-β-D-glucopyranoside) metabolism and the effects of the gene expression on specific metabolite content in selected sorghum accessions. Dhurrin-related metabolism is vigorous in the early stages of development of sorghum. The dhurrin contents of most accessions tested were in the range of approximately 6–22 μg mg⁻¹ fresh leaf tissue throughout growth. The p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (pHB) contents were high at seedling stages, but almost nonexistent at adult stages. The contents of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (pHPAAc) were relatively low throughout growth compared to those of dhurrin or pHB. Generally, the expression of the candidate genes was higher at seedling stage than at other stages and decreased gradually as plants grew. In addition, we identified significant SNPs, and six of them were potentially associated with non-synonymous changes in CAS1. Our results may provide the basis for choosing breeding materials to regulate cyanide contents in sorghum varieties to prevent HCN toxicity of livestock or to promote drought tolerance or pathogen resistance.

中文翻译：

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通过转录组和代谢组分析预测高粱 Dhurrin 代谢


高粱（Sorghum bicolor (L.)）Moench 是人类的重要食物和牲畜的饲料。高粱中含有高粱甙，可降解为有毒的氰化氢。在这里，我们报道了与高粱苷（(S)-4-羟基扁桃腈-β -D-吡喃葡萄糖苷）代谢相关的 14 个候选基因的表达模式以及基因表达对选定高粱种质中特定代谢物含量的影响。在高粱发育的早期阶段，与Dhurrin相关的代谢旺盛。大多数测试材料在整个生长过程中新鲜叶组织中的杜胡蛋白含量约为 6–22 μg mg ^-1 。对羟基苯甲醛（pHB）含量在苗期较高，但在成株期几乎不存在。与dhurrin 或pHB 相比，对羟基苯乙酸(pHPAAc) 的含量在整个生长过程中相对较低。一般来说，候选基因的表达量在苗期高于其他阶段，并随着植物的生长而逐渐下降。此外，我们还发现了重要的 SNP，其中 6 个可能与CAS1的非同义变化相关。我们的研究结果可以为选择育种材料来调节高粱品种中氰化物含量以防止家畜HCN毒性或提高耐旱性或抗病原性提供依据。