Within due diligence concepts for raw material supply chains, the traceability of a shipment is a major aspect that has to be taken into account. Cassiterite and coltan are two so-called conflict minerals for which traceability systems have been established. To provide additional credibility to document-based traceability systems the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) has developed the analytical fingerprint (AFP) for the minerals coltan, cassiterite, and wolframite. AFP is based on the analysis of a sample from a shipment with a declared origin and evaluates whether the declared origin is plausible or not. This is done by comparison to reference samples previously taken at the declared mine site. In addition to the generation of the analytical data, the data evaluation step, with the aim to state whether the declared origin is plausible or not, is of special importance. Two data evaluation approaches named “Kolmogorov–Smirnov distance (KS-D) approach” and “areas ratio approach” are applied to coltan and cassiterite and result in very low rates of false negative results, which is desired for AFP. The areas ratio approach based on hypothesis testing and a more sophisticated evaluation of the multivariate data structure has some advantages in terms of producing lower rates of false positive results compared to the KS-D approach.

中文翻译：

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锡石和Col钽铁矿石指纹图谱的数据评估

在原材料供应链的尽职调查概念中，货物的可追溯性是必须考虑的主要方面。锡石和col钽铁矿石是建立了追溯系统的两种所谓的冲突矿物。为了使基于文档的可追溯性系统具有更高的可信度，德国联邦地球科学与自然资源研究所（BGR）已开发了用于col钽铁矿石，锡石和黑钨矿的分析指纹（AFP）。AFP基于对具有已声明来源的货运样品的分析，并评估所声明的来源是否合理。通过与先前在已宣布的矿场采集的参考样品进行比较来完成此操作。除了生成分析数据外，数据评估步骤还包括：为了说明申报的原产地是否合理，这一点特别重要。两种数据评估方法分别称为“ Kolmogorov-Smirnov距离（KS-D）方法”和“面积比方法”，用于col钽铁矿石和锡石，导致假阴性结果的发生率非常低，这是AFP所希望的。与KS-D方法相比，基于假设检验和对多元数据结构进行更复杂评估的面积比方法在产生较低误报率方面具有一些优势。