Singulation of components determining the innovative activity of enterprises is a complex issue as it depends on both microeconomic and macroeconomic factors. The purpose of this article is to present the results of research on the impact of the mutual interactions between ownership and the size of companies on the achievement of the objectives of innovative activity by Polish industrial processing enterprises in changing cyclical conditions. The importance of innovation barriers was also assessed. Empirical data came from three periods that covered different phases of the business cycle: prosperity 2004–2006, global financial crisis 2008–2010, and recovery 2012–2014. The research used a cybernetic approach based on feedback loops presenting interactions between variables. In addition, two statistical methods were used: the Pearson’s χ2 independence test and correspondence analysis. The following discoveries were made during the research: (1) consideration of the combined impact of ownership and the size of companies on their innovation activities makes it possible to study phenomena that may be overlooked if the impact of these factors is considered separately; (2) public enterprises achieve significantly worse results in terms of innovation than companies from other ownership sectors; (3) the Red Queen effect, which assumes that the best innovative enterprises exert selection pressure on all other companies, applies to industrial processing companies, and in particular public enterprises; (4) the industrial processing section is more sensitive to secular trends than to cyclical fluctuations; (5) confirmation of occurrence of the Polish Green Island effect, which assumes that companies achieve good results in terms of innovation, irrespective of the phases of the business cycle; and (6) statistical evidence is provided that the global financial crisis may be associated with the turn of the Fifth and Sixth Kondratieff waves. Most likely, the role of the communication channel between the world economy and the Polish manufacturing section is fulfilled by foreign ownership, whose percentage of share capital of this section is estimated at 50%.

中文翻译：

---

工业加工企业的创新与结合运动

确定企业创新活动的组成部分的单一化是一个复杂的问题，因为它取决于微观经济和宏观经济因素。本文的目的是展示关于所有权和公司规模之间的相互作用对波兰工业加工企业在不断变化的周期性条件下实现创新活动目标的影响的研究结果。还评估了创新障碍的重要性。实证数据来自涵盖商业周期不同阶段的三个时期：繁荣 2004-2006、全球金融危机 2008-2010 和复苏 2012-2014。该研究使用了一种控制论方法，该方法基于呈现变量之间相互作用的反馈循环。此外，还使用了两种统计方法：Pearson χ2 独立性检验和对应分析。研究过程中有以下发现：（1）综合考虑所有权和公司规模对其创新活动的影响，可以研究单独考虑这些因素的影响时可能被忽视的现象；(2) 公有制企业在创新方面的成绩明显低于其他所有制行业的企业；(3) 红皇后效应，假设最佳创新企业对所有其他公司施加选择压力，适用于工业加工企业，尤其是公共企业；(4) 工业加工板块对长期趋势比对周期性波动更敏感；(5) 波兰绿岛效应发生的确认，假设公司在创新方面取得了良好的成果，而与商业周期的阶段无关；(6) 提供了统计证据表明全球金融危机可能与康德拉季耶夫第五波和第六波的交替有关。最有可能的是，世界经济与波兰制造业部门之间的沟通渠道的作用是由外资所有，该部门的股本百分比估计为 50%。