The phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) superfamily contains more than 50 enzymes in mammals that are subdivided into several distinct families on a structural and biochemical basis. In principle, PLA₂ has the capacity to hydrolyze the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids to release fatty acids and lysophospholipids, yet several enzymes in this superfamily catalyze other reactions rather than or in addition to the PLA₂ reaction. PLA₂ enzymes play crucial roles in not only the production of lipid mediators, but also membrane remodeling, bioenergetics, and body surface barrier, thereby participating in a number of biological events. Accordingly, disturbance of PLA₂-regulated lipid metabolism is often associated with various diseases. This review updates the current state of understanding of the classification, enzymatic properties, and biological functions of various enzymes belonging to the PLA₂ superfamily, focusing particularly on the novel roles of PLA₂s in vivo.

中文翻译：

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更新磷脂酶 A2 生物学


磷脂酶 A ₂ (PLA ₂ ) 超家族包含哺乳动物中的 50 多种酶，这些酶在结构和生化基础上细分为几个不同的家族。原则上，PLA ₂具有水解甘油磷脂的sn -2 位以释放脂肪酸和溶血磷脂的能力，但该超家族中的几种酶除了 PLA ₂反应之外还催化其他反应。 PLA ₂酶不仅在脂质介质的产生中发挥着至关重要的作用，而且在膜重塑、生物能学和体表屏障中发挥着至关重要的作用，从而参与许多生物事件。因此，PLA ₂调节的脂质代谢的紊乱常常与多种疾病相关。本综述更新了对 PLA ₂超家族各种酶的分类、酶学特性和生物学功能的当前认识，特别关注 PLA ₂在体内的新作用。