Customized Cu₃(PO₄)₂ and CuO nanosheets and commercial CuO nanoparticles were investigated for micronutrient delivery and suppression of soybean sudden death syndrome. An ab initio thermodynamics approach modelled how material morphology and matrix effects control the nutrient release. Infection reduced the biomass and photosynthesis by 70.3 and 60%, respectively; the foliar application of nanoscale Cu reversed this damage. Disease-induced changes in the antioxidant enzyme activity and fatty acid profile were also alleviated by Cu amendment. The transcription of two dozen defence- and health-related genes correlates a nanoscale Cu-enhanced innate disease response to reduced pathogenicity and increased growth. Cu-based nanosheets exhibited a greater disease suppression than that of CuO nanoparticles due to a greater leaf surface affinity and Cu dissolution, as determined computationally and experimentally. The findings highlight the importance and tunability of nanomaterial properties, such as morphology, composition and dissolution. The early seedling foliar application of nanoscale Cu to modulate nutrition and enhance immunity offers a great potential for sustainable agriculture.

研究了定制的 Cu ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂和 CuO 纳米片以及商业 CuO 纳米颗粒在微量营养素输送和抑制大豆猝死综合症方面的作用。从头算热力学方法模拟了材料形态和基质效应如何控制养分释放。感染使生物量和光合作用分别减少70.3%和60%；叶面喷施纳米铜逆转了这种损害。铜的改良也减轻了疾病引起的抗氧化酶活性和脂肪酸谱的变化。两打防御和健康相关基因的转录将纳米级铜增强的先天疾病反应与致病性降低和生长加快相关联。通过计算和实验确定，由于叶表面亲和力和铜溶解度更大，铜基纳米片比氧化铜纳米颗粒表现出更大的疾病抑制作用。研究结果强调了纳米材料特性的重要性和可调性，例如形态、成分和溶解。早期幼苗叶面施用纳米铜来调节营养和增强免疫力，为可持续农业提供了巨大的潜力。