Injury is a key driver of inflammation, a critical yet necessary response involving several mediators that is aimed at restoring tissue homeostasis. Inflammation in the central nervous system can be triggered by a variety of stimuli, some intrinsic to the brain and others arising from peripheral signals. Fine-tuned regulation of this response is crucial in a system that is vulnerable due to, for example, aging and ongoing neurodegeneration. In this context, seemingly harmless interventions like a common surgery to repair a broken limb can overwhelm the immune system and become the driver of further complications such as delirium and other perioperative neurocognitive disorders. Here, we discuss potential mechanisms by which the immune system affects the central nervous system after surgical trauma. Together, these neuroimmune interactions are becoming hallmarks of and potential therapeutic targets for multiple neurologic conditions, including those affecting the perioperative space.

损伤是炎症的关键驱动因素，这是一种关键但必要的反应，涉及多种旨在恢复组织稳态的介质。中枢神经系统的炎症可由多种刺激触发，一些是大脑固有的，另一些是由外周信号引起的。这种反应的微调调节在一个易受例如衰老和持续神经退化的系统中是至关重要的。在这种情况下，看似无害的干预措施，如修复断肢的普通手术，可能会压倒免疫系统，并成为进一步并发症的驱动因素，如谵妄和其他围手术期神经认知障碍。在这里，我们讨论了手术创伤后免疫系统影响中枢神经系统的潜在机制。一起，