ABSTRACT

Due to the large volume of erythromycin continuously reaching waterbodies and its high persistence, this antibiotic drug has been detected in the aquatic environment at elevated concentrations. Although the problem of the presence of erythromycin in the environment is evident due to its influence in development of antimicrobial resistance, the toxicological consequences on non-target organisms remain to be determined. There are no apparent data on the impact of environmentally relevant concentrations of erythromycin on developing fish. Data on toxic effects during development are essential for evaluation of environmental risk to organisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to erythromycin on certain parameters including hatchability, survival rate, heart rate, and behavior in developing zebrafish. Zebrafish were exposed to a range of environmentally relevant concentrations of antibiotic (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 μg/L) and one concentration 10-fold higher (10 μg/L). Exposure to erythromycin at 0.1 μg/L delayed hatching and decreased survival rate. Exposure to all tested concentrations increased heart rate. Further, exposure to erythromycin at 1 or 10 μg/L enhanced swimming activity. Our results indicated that erythromycin present in the aquatic environment might lead to disabling consequences in developing fish organisms and subsequently may result in ecological imbalance in the natural environment.

摘要

由于大量的红霉素连续到达水体并且具有很高的持久性，因此已在水生环境中以升高的浓度检测到这种抗生素药物。尽管由于其对抗菌素耐药性发展的影响，环境中存在红霉素的问题很明显，但对非靶标生物的毒理学后果仍有待确定。没有关于环境相关浓度的红霉素对发育中鱼类影响的明显数据。有关发育过程中毒性作用的数据对于评估生物体的环境风险至关重要。因此，本研究的目的是研究暴露于红霉素对某些参数的影响，包括孵化能力，存活率，心率和斑马鱼发育中的行为。斑马鱼暴露于一系列与环境有关的浓度的抗生素（0.001、0.01、0.1、1μg/ L）和一种浓度高10倍的抗生素（10μg/ L）。暴露于0.1μg/ L的红霉素会延迟孵化并降低存活率。暴露于所有测试浓度会增加心率。此外，暴露于1或10μg/ L的红霉素可增强游泳活动。我们的结果表明，水生环境中存在的红霉素可能导致鱼类生物发展中的致残后果，进而可能导致自然环境中的生态失衡。暴露于所有测试浓度会增加心率。此外，暴露于1或10μg/ L的红霉素可增强游泳活动。我们的结果表明，水生环境中存在的红霉素可能导致鱼类生物发展中的致残后果，进而可能导致自然环境中的生态失衡。暴露于所有测试浓度会增加心率。此外，暴露于1或10μg/ L的红霉素可增强游泳活动。我们的结果表明，水生环境中存在的红霉素可能导致鱼类生物发展中的致残后果，进而可能导致自然环境中的生态失衡。