Abstract In this first research report, the design of an ionic liquid (IL) silica based stationary phase is described and characterized chromatographically using standard solute probes and via physical measurements including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The stationary phase is hexadecylimidazolium bonded to silica microparticles for the retention of various small and large solutes primarily by reversed-phase retention mechanism and to some different extent via π-π interactions and electrostatic interactions. The hexadecylimidazolium functionalized silica stationary phase was obtained by first grafting the surface of 5 µm silica particles with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane forming the so-called a primary sublayer followed by attaching a top layer of hexadecylimidazole, thus resulting in the formation of IL based reversed-phase column. The hexadecylimidazolium column thus obtained exhibited relatively symmetrical peak shapes and high separation efficiencies for the studied analytes with a wide array of functional groups including ionizable analytes. The observed unique retention characteristics and selectivity of the hexadecylimidazolium column can be attributed to its multi interactions with various solutes including hydrophobic, electrostatic, π–π and hydrogen bonding interactions. Abbreviations: ABs: alkylbenzenes; APKs:n-alkyl phenyl ketones; CPS: chloropropylsilyl-silica; CPTMS: chloropropyltrimethoxysilane; HILIC: hydrophilic interaction chromatography; ILs: ionic liquids; IPA: isopropyl alcohol; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; TGA: thermogravimetric analysis; THF: tetrahydrofuran; PAHs: polyaromatic hydrocarbons Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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咪唑鎓离子液体键合硅胶固定相：第 I 部分：十六烷基咪唑鎓固定相

摘要 在这第一份研究报告中，描述了离子液体 (IL) 二氧化硅基固定相的设计，并使用标准溶质探针进行色谱分析，并通过包括傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 和热重分析 (TGA) 在内的物理测量进行了表征。固定相是键合在硅胶微粒上的十六烷基咪唑鎓，主要通过反相保留机制和在不同程度上通过 π-π 相互作用和静电相互作用来保留各种大小溶质。十六烷基咪唑鎓功能化二氧化硅固定相是通过首先用 3-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷接枝 5 µm 二氧化硅颗粒的表面形成所谓的初级亚层，然后连接上层十六烷基咪唑获得的，从而形成基于 IL 的反相柱。由此获得的十六烷基咪唑鎓柱对于具有广泛官能团（包括可电离分析物）的研究分析物表现出相对对称的峰形和高分离效率。观察到的十六烷基咪唑鎓柱独特的保留特性和选择性可归因于它与各种溶质的多重相互作用，包括疏水、静电、π-π 和氢键相互作用。缩写： ABs：烷基苯；APKs：n-烷基苯基酮；CPS：氯丙基硅基二氧化硅；CPTMS：氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷；HILIC：亲水相互作用色谱；ILs：离子液体；IPA：异丙醇；TFA：三氟乙酸；TGA：热重分析；THF：四氢呋喃；多环芳烃：