Plasma complement activation mechanisms differ in ornate (Terrapene ornata ornata) and eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina),Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A

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Plasma complement activation mechanisms differ in ornate (Terrapene ornata ornata) and eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina)
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 , DOI: 10.1002/jez.2423
Laura Adamovicz ₁ , Sarah J. Baker _{1,

2} , Mark Merchant ₃ , Lancia Darville ₄ , Matthew C. Allender ₁

Affiliation

Eastern (Terrapene carolina carolina) and ornate (Terrapene ornata ornata) box turtles have robust plasma antibacterial activity, however, the mechanism behind this activity is unknown. We used sheep red blood cell (SRBC) hemolysis assays, mannan‐affinity chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) to explore the mechanisms of complement activity in box turtles. Plasma from both species demonstrated volume, time, and temperature‐dependent SRBC hemolysis, with significantly greater hemolytic activity in ornate box turtle plasma. Hemolytic activity was highly attenuated following treatment with heat, EDTA, and salicylaldoxime in both species, but was unchanged after treatment with methylamine and ammonium hydroxide. Two abundant mannan‐binding proteins (presumed C‐type lectins) were identified in eastern box turtle plasma using SDS‐PAGE and MALDI‐TOF, but ornate box turtles did not express either protein. Eastern box turtles appear to rely on the lectin pathway of complement activation while ornate box turtles utilize the alternative pathway. This study provides further evidence that mechanisms underlying immune function are not always conserved between closely related species. This finding may have important implications for explaining species differences in susceptibility to emerging threats such as disease, toxicants, and climate change.

中文翻译：

血浆补体激活机制在华丽（Terrapene ornata ornata）和东部箱龟（Terrapene carolina carolina）中有所不同

东部（Terrapene carolina carolina）和华丽（Terrapene ornata ornata箱龟具有很强的血浆抗菌活性，但是，其背后的机制尚不清楚。我们使用了绵羊红细胞（SRBC）溶血分析，甘露聚糖亲和层析，十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间（MALDI-TOF）来探索机理箱龟的补体活性两种物种的血浆均表现出体积，时间和温度依赖性SRBC溶血，在华丽的盒龟血浆中溶血活性明显增强。在两个物种中，加热，EDTA和水杨醛肟处理后，溶血活性均大大降低，但在甲胺和氢氧化铵处理后则保持不变。使用SDS-PAGE和MALDI-TOF在东部箱龟血浆中鉴定出了两种丰富的甘露聚糖结合蛋白（假定为C型凝集素），但华丽的箱龟均不表达这两种蛋白。东部箱龟似乎依赖补体激活的凝集素途径，而华丽的箱龟则利用替代途径。这项研究提供了进一步的证据，表明密切相关的物种之间并不总是保守潜在的免疫功能机制。这一发现对于解释物种对疾病，毒物和气候变化等新兴威胁的敏感性差异可能具有重要意义。东部箱龟似乎依赖补体激活的凝集素途径，而华丽的箱龟则利用替代途径。这项研究提供了进一步的证据，表明密切相关的物种之间并不总是保守潜在的免疫功能机制。这一发现对于解释物种对疾病，毒物和气候变化等新兴威胁的敏感性差异可能具有重要意义。东部箱龟似乎依赖补体激活的凝集素途径，而华丽的箱龟则利用替代途径。这项研究提供了进一步的证据，表明密切相关的物种之间并不总是保守潜在的免疫功能机制。这一发现对于解释物种对疾病，毒物和气候变化等新兴威胁的敏感性差异可能具有重要意义。

更新日期：2020-10-19

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