Monochamus alternatus is a very important vector of the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) which is the causal agent of pine wilt disease. To reduce population density of M. alternatus, thiacloprid has been sprayed by aircrafts on pine forests. Thus, we examined the effect of aerial spraying as contact toxicity and thiacloprid residues of pine branches as ingestion toxicity on the mortality of M. alternatus in pine forests in Yangsan, Korea. In addition, the effect of aerial spraying on honey bees, Apis mellifera, was tested in the same locality. Thiacloprid was sprayed once a month from June to August in 2016. To test the effect of thiacloprid, eight M. alternatus and ten honey bees were put into each small mesh cage, which were hung on pine trees in each study plot. Thiacloprid appeared to be effective for reducing longevity of M. alternatus, while mortality and abnormal behaviors were not found for honey bees. In addition, longevity of M. alternatus beetles was declined by thiacloprid residues of pine branches compared to the control group. However, we found that dead pine trees infected by pine wood nematodes in the next year similarly occurred in our study area whether thiacloprid‐aerial spraying occurred or not. Consequently, thiacloprid sprayed by aircraft may be an effective control agent for Monochamus beetle adults without negative effect on honey bees, but aerial application to prevent expansion of pine wilt disease should be reassessed.

中文翻译：

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空中喷施噻虫啉对松树林松锯齿甲虫（Monochamus alternatus）和蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）的影响

松墨天牛是松木线虫（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus）的一种非常重要的载体，它是松树枯萎病的病原体。为了降低松墨天牛的种群密度，已用飞机将噻虫啉喷洒在松树林上。因此，我们检查了空中喷雾作为接触毒性的影响，以及松枝中的噻虫啉残留物作为摄食毒性对韩国梁山松树林中互生念珠菌死亡率的影响。此外，在同一地点测试了空中喷雾对蜜蜂Apis mellifera的影响。从2016年6月至8月，每月喷洒一次噻虫啉。为测试噻虫啉的效果，使用了八种交替链霉菌每个小网眼笼子里放了十只蜜蜂，每个笼子都挂在松树上。噻虫啉似乎可以有效地降低交替分枝杆菌的寿命，而未发现蜜蜂的死亡率和异常行为。此外，长寿松褐天牛甲虫被松枝的噻虫啉残基相比于对照组有所下降。但是，我们发现在我们的研究区域，无论是否进行了噻虫啉-空气喷洒，明年第二年死去的松树都被松木线虫感染。因此，飞机喷洒的噻虫啉可能是松香蛇的有效防治剂。 甲虫成虫对蜜蜂没有负面影响，但应重新评估空中应用以防止松树枯萎病的扩大。