This paper presents pollutant concentrations and performance data for code‐required mechanical ventilation equipment in 23 low‐income apartments at 4 properties constructed or renovated 2013‐2017. All apartments had natural gas cooking burners. Occupants pledged to not use windows for ventilation during the study but several did. Measured airflows of range hoods and bathroom exhaust fans were lower than product specifications. Only eight apartments operationally met all ventilation code requirements. Pollutants measured over one week in each apartment included time‐resolved fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), formaldehyde and carbon dioxide (CO₂) and time‐integrated formaldehyde, NO₂ and nitrogen oxides (NO_X). Compared to a recent study of California houses with code‐compliant ventilation, apartments were smaller, had fewer occupants, higher densities, and higher mechanical ventilation rates. Mean PM_2.5, formaldehyde, NO₂, and CO₂ were 7.7 µg/m³, 14.1, 18.8, and 741 ppm in apartments; these are 4% lower, 25% lower, 165% higher, and 18% higher compared to houses with similar cooking frequency. Four apartments had weekly PM_2.5 above the California annual outdoor standard of 12 µg/m³ and also discrete days above the World Health Organization 24‐hour guideline of 25 µg/m³. Two apartments had weekly NO₂ above the California annual outdoor standard of 30 ppb.

中文翻译：

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加利福尼亚州新建和翻新的配备机械通风和天然气烹饪的低收入公寓的室内空气质量

本文介绍了 2013 年至 2017 年建造或翻新的 4 处房产的 23 套低收入公寓中符合规范要求的机械通风设备的污染物浓度和性能数据。所有的公寓都有天然气烹饪燃烧器。住户承诺在研究期间不使用窗户进行通风，但有些人做到了。抽油烟机和浴室排风扇的实测气流低于产品规格。只有八套公寓在运营上符合所有通风规范要求。每间公寓一周内测量的污染物包括时间分辨细颗粒物 (PM _2.5 )、二氧化氮 (NO ₂ )、甲醛和二氧化碳 (CO ₂ ) 以及时间积分甲醛、NO ₂和氮氧化物 (NO_X )。与最近对加州房屋通风合规的研究相比，公寓更小，居住者更少，密度更高，机械通风率更高。公寓中的平均 PM _2.5、甲醛、NO ₂和 CO ₂分别为 7.7 µg/m ³、14.1、18.8 和 741 ppm；与烹饪频率相似的房屋相比，这些分别低 4%、25%、165% 和 18%。四间公寓的每周​​ PM _2.5高于加利福尼亚州 12 µg/m ^{3 的}年度室外标准，并且离散天数高于世界卫生组织 25 µg/m ^{3 的}24 小时指南。两个公寓有每周 NO ₂ 高于加州 30 ppb 的年度室外标准。